{"id":1429,"date":"2026-06-30T05:26:37","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T05:26:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/?p=1429"},"modified":"2026-06-30T05:26:37","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T05:26:37","slug":"worm-and-worm-wheel-for-stage-machinery-and-theatre-fly-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/worm-and-worm-wheel-for-stage-machinery-and-theatre-fly-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160nek a z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 koleso pre javiskov\u00e9 stroje a divadeln\u00e9 syst\u00e9my"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Korea Ever-Power \u00b7 Sprievodca aplika\u010dn\u00fdm in\u017einierstvom<\/p>\n

\u0160nek a z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 koleso pre javiskov\u00e9 stroje a divadeln\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/h1>\n

Herec let\u00ed 8 metrov nad p\u00f3diom na motorizovanej ty\u010di, zavesen\u00fd na dvoch oce\u013eov\u00fdch lan\u00e1ch prech\u00e1dzaj\u00facich cez z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r. Publikum sed\u00ed v tichu \u2013 800 \u013eud\u00ed, okolit\u00fd hluk 28 dB(A). Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r mus\u00ed udr\u017ea\u0165 v\u00e1hu herca s bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdm faktorom 8, pohybova\u0165 sa s hlukom pod 32 dB(A) a zastavi\u0165 sa v presnej v\u00fd\u0161ke s toleranciou plus alebo m\u00ednus 5 mm \u2013 to v\u0161etko s\u00fa\u010dasne, noc \u010do noc, po\u010das 300 predstaven\u00ed ro\u010dne. \u017diadna in\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia v tejto s\u00e9rii nesp\u00e1ja bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 \u017eivota, extr\u00e9mne ticho a umeleck\u00fa presnos\u0165 v jednej \u0161pecifik\u00e1cii.<\/p>\n

Porozpr\u00e1vajte sa s technikom javiskov\u00fdch strojov \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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R\u00fdchla odpove\u010f<\/div>\n

Javiskov\u00e9 stroje \u2013 syst\u00e9my lietaj\u00facich kul\u00eds (lietaj\u00face kulisy a \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00faci), oto\u010dn\u00e9 gramof\u00f3ny, orchestr\u00e1lne v\u00fd\u0165ahy, pohony opony a kulisov\u00e9 voz\u00edky \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov, preto\u017ee samosvorn\u00e9 mechanizmy dr\u017eia zavesen\u00e9 bremen\u00e1 nad \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facimi bez samostatnej brzdy (bezpe\u010dnostne kritick\u00e9), posuvn\u00e1 sie\u0165 produkuje najtich\u0161\u00ed hluk prevodovky zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch typov prevodovky (pod 32 dB(A) pre pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 divadl\u00e1) a profily umeleck\u00e9ho pohybu s premenlivou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou vy\u017eaduj\u00fa plynul\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010danie bez v\u00f4le pri 0,01 a\u017e 2 ot.\/min. Matica zhody SIL (\u00farove\u0148 integrity bezpe\u010dnosti) mapuje typ za\u0165a\u017eenia (iba kulisa, \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00faci plus kulisa, lietaj\u00faci \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00faci) a v\u00fd\u0161ku nad javiskom na po\u017eadovan\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 SIL (1, 2 alebo 3) a zodpovedaj\u00face bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na p\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov: bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fd faktor, redundancia, protokol overenia samosvornosti a interval kontroly. SIL 3 \u2013 po\u017eadovan\u00e1 pre \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facich lietaj\u00facich nad 3 metre \u2013 vy\u017eaduje dvojit\u00e9 overenie samosvornosti, redundantn\u00fa dr\u00e1hu za\u0165a\u017eenia, SF 8 alebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00fa kontrolu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov v syst\u00e9me lietania tre\u0165ou stranou.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kde javiskov\u00e9 stroje pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevodov\u00e9 pohony<\/h2>\n

\"z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd<\/p>\n

Modern\u00e9 divadlo alebo opera obsahuje 20 a\u017e 80 motorizovan\u00fdch l\u00e1n (ka\u017ed\u00e9 s 1 a\u017e 2 p\u00e1rmi z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov), 1 a\u017e 4 pohony to\u010dn\u00edc, 2 a\u017e 8 pohonov v\u00fd\u0165ahov (orchestr\u00e1lna jama, sc\u00e9nick\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0165ahy) a 10 a\u017e 30 pohonov opony a vag\u00f3nov. Celkov\u00fd po\u010det p\u00e1rov z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov na miesto konania sa pohybuje od 40 do 150 \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00fd je \u0161pecifikovan\u00fd pre najn\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161iu kombin\u00e1ciu bezpe\u010dnosti, ticha a presnosti v akomko\u013evek odvetv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Syst\u00e9my na lietanie (bezpe\u010dnostne kritick\u00e9)<\/div>\n

Motorizovan\u00e9 vys\u00favacie ramen\u00e1 zdv\u00edhaj\u00fa a sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa kulisu, osvetlenie a \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facich. Za\u0165a\u017eenie sa pohybuje od 50 kg (jedna sveteln\u00e1 rampa) do 2 000 kg (cel\u00e1 kulisov\u00e1 zostava). Vys\u00favacie ramen\u00e1 sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa najpr\u00edsnej\u0161ie bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky: SIL 3 pod\u013ea DGUV 17 a ANSI E1.6-1. Samosvorn\u00e9 udr\u017eiava zavesen\u00e9 bremeno v akejko\u013evek v\u00fd\u0161ke bez pou\u017eitia motora. R\u00fdchlos\u0165: 0,01 a\u017e 2 m\/s vertik\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Gramof\u00f3ny (kritick\u00e9 pre ticho)<\/div>\n

Oto\u010dn\u00e9 javisk\u00e1 s priemerom 8 a\u017e 20 metrov ot\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa kulisy a \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facich po\u010das sc\u00e9n. R\u00fdchlos\u0165: 0,1 a\u017e 2 ot.\/min. Hluk pod 30 dB(A) vo vzdialenosti 1 meter \u2013 najpr\u00edsnej\u0161ia \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia hluku v celej tejto 35-\u010dl\u00e1nkovej s\u00e9rii. \u00da\u010dinkuj\u00faci stoja a hraj\u00fa na rotuj\u00facej ploche \u2013 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek vibr\u00e1cie alebo trhnutie pri rot\u00e1cii c\u00edtia cez svoje chodidl\u00e1 a nar\u00fa\u0161a ich vyst\u00fapenie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n


\n\"ultra<\/p>\n

Matica zhody SIL \u2013 typ a v\u00fd\u0161ka za\u0165a\u017eenia pod\u013ea bezpe\u010dnostnej \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/h2>\n

R\u00e1mec \u00farovne integrity bezpe\u010dnosti (odvoden\u00fd z normy IEC 61508 a uplat\u0148ovan\u00fd na z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 stroje prostredn\u00edctvom nariadenia DGUV 17 a ANSI E1.6-1) klasifikuje rizik\u00e1 pre javiskov\u00e9 stroje pod\u013ea n\u00e1sledkov poruchy pohonu. D\u00f4sledok z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, \u010do je zavesen\u00e9 (kulisy alebo \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00faci) a ako vysoko nad javiskom (vy\u0161\u0161ie = dlh\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1d = v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161ie zranenie). \u00darove\u0148 SIL ur\u010duje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevody \u2013 od z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho overenia samosvornosti (SIL 1) a\u017e po dvojito redundantn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eovacie dr\u00e1hy s ka\u017edoro\u010dnou kontrolou tre\u0165ou stranou (SIL 3).<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ za\u0165a\u017eenia<\/th>\nV\u00fd\u0161ka nad p\u00f3diom<\/th>\n\u00darove\u0148 SIL<\/th>\nBezpe\u010dnostn\u00fd faktor<\/th>\nPo\u017eiadavky na p\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov<\/th>\nIn\u0161pekcia<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Iba scen\u00e9ria (bez os\u00f4b pod \u0148ou)<\/td>\nAk\u00e9ko\u013evek<\/td>\n\u00darove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti 1<\/td>\nSF \u2265 4<\/td>\nOveren\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 samosvorn\u00e9 spojenie. \u0160tandardn\u00fd p\u00e1r s jedn\u00fdm \u0161tartom.<\/td>\nRo\u010dn\u00e1 vizu\u00e1lna kontrola a kontrola v\u00f4le<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scen\u00e9ria nad \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facimi<\/td>\nPod 3 m<\/td>\n\u00darove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti 2<\/td>\nSF \u2265 6<\/td>\nSamosvornos\u0165 overen\u00e1 pri menovitom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed 150%. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa sekund\u00e1rna brzda.<\/td>\nRo\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00fd test + test tretej strany<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scen\u00e9ria nad \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facimi<\/td>\nNad 3 m<\/td>\n\u00darove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti 3<\/td>\nSF \u2265 8<\/td>\nDvojit\u00e9 samosvorn\u00e9 + redundantn\u00e1 brzda. Redundantn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha za\u0165a\u017eenia.<\/td>\nRo\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00e1 sk\u00fa\u0161ka + NDT + sk\u00fa\u0161ka tretej strany<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lietaj\u00faci umelec (osoba suspendovan\u00e1)<\/td>\nAk\u00e1ko\u013evek v\u00fd\u0161ka<\/td>\n\u00darove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti 3<\/td>\nSF \u2265 8<\/td>\nDvojit\u00e9 samosvorn\u00e9 + nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 brzda + monitorovanie sn\u00edma\u010da za\u0165a\u017eenia + n\u00fadzov\u00e9 zastavenie.<\/td>\nPredpredajn\u00e1 kontrola + ro\u010dn\u00e9 NDT + kontrola tre\u0165ou stranou<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161enie bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9ho faktora z SF 4 (iba scen\u00e9ria) na SF 8 (prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd lietaj\u00faci syst\u00e9m) znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov mus\u00ed by\u0165 dimenzovan\u00fd na 8-n\u00e1sobok skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho zavesen\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia. Syst\u00e9m prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9ho lietania s hmotnos\u0165ou 100 kg vy\u017eaduje p\u00e1r s menovitou nosnos\u0165ou 800 kg \u2013 \u010do je 3 a\u017e 4-n\u00e1sobn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie ve\u013ekosti r\u00e1mu oproti v\u00fdpo\u010dtu iba za\u0165a\u017eenia. T\u00e1to mas\u00edvna bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e1 rezerva odr\u00e1\u017ea z\u00e1va\u017enos\u0165 n\u00e1sledkov: p\u00e1d scen\u00e9rie po\u0161kod\u00ed majetok; p\u00e1d prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9ho lietadla sp\u00f4sob\u00ed v\u00e1\u017ene zranenie alebo smr\u0165. N\u00e1klady na predimenzovanie p\u00e1ru o 3 a\u017e 4 ve\u013ekosti r\u00e1mu (pridanie 400 a\u017e 800 USD na pohon) s\u00fa zanedbate\u013en\u00e9 v porovnan\u00ed s rizikom zodpovednosti za poruchu prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9ho lietania.<\/p>\n

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Extr\u00e9mne ticho \u2013 pod 32 dB(A) po\u010das v\u00fdkonu<\/h2>\n

\"ultratich\u00fd<\/p>\n

\u0160pecifik\u00e1cia ticha pre p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov javiskov\u00fdch strojov je najextr\u00e9mnej\u0161ia v celej tejto 35-\u010dl\u00e1nkovej s\u00e9rii \u2013 je menej hlu\u010dn\u00e1 ako u nemocni\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00f4\u017eok na JIS s hodnotou 45 dB(A) (\u010dl\u00e1nok A11), menej hlu\u010dn\u00e1 ako u pr\u00e9miov\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0165ahov s hodnotou 50 dB(A) (\u010dl\u00e1nok A07) a menej hlu\u010dn\u00e1 ako u optick\u00fdch le\u0161ti\u010diek s hodnotou 38 dB(A) (\u010dl\u00e1nok A24). Koncertn\u00e1 s\u00e1la po\u010das pianissima m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 hlu\u010dnos\u0165 25 a\u017e 30 dB(A) \u2013 a ak\u00fdko\u013evek hluk strojov nad okolitou hladinou vn\u00edma ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen publika.<\/p>\n

Dosiahnutie hlu\u010dnosti pod 32 dB(A) vo vzdialenosti 1 meter od pohonu z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdm prevodom si vy\u017eaduje s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie v\u0161etk\u00fdch techn\u00edk na zn\u00ed\u017eenie hluku: lapovan\u00fd alebo prepracovan\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod s Ra 0,1 a\u017e 0,2 \u00b5m (najjemnej\u0161\u00ed stupe\u0148 povrchovej \u00fapravy \u2013 rovnak\u00fd ako pri optick\u00fdch le\u0161tiacich pohonoch v \u010dl\u00e1nku A24), kot\u00fa\u010d z POM alebo MC nylonu (tlmenie materi\u00e1lu absorbuje vibr\u00e1cie siete), elastom\u00e9rov\u00e9 \u200b\u200bulo\u017eenie (izoluje vibr\u00e1cie krytu od kon\u0161trukcie javiska) a syntetick\u00fd olej s n\u00edzkou viskozitou (zni\u017euje hluk v\u00edrenia v utesnenom kryte). Kombinovan\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0161tyroch techn\u00edk dosahuje 28 a\u017e 35 dB(A) \u2013 v rozsahu, ktor\u00fd je maskovan\u00fd aj najtich\u0161\u00edm publikom v divadle.<\/p>\n

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Pozn\u00e1mka k in\u017einierskemu stolu<\/div>\n

K\u00f3rejsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 divadlo nain\u0161talovalo nov\u00fd 15-metrov\u00fd oto\u010dn\u00fd gramof\u00f3n pre produkciu vy\u017eaduj\u00facu nepretr\u017eit\u00fa rot\u00e1ciu po\u010das 12-min\u00fatovej dramatickej sc\u00e9ny. Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod gramof\u00f3nu mal \u0161pecifikovan\u00fd limit hluku 32 dB(A). Po\u010das technickej sk\u00fa\u0161ky re\u017eis\u00e9r uviedol, \u017ee gramof\u00f3n bol po\u010dute\u013en\u00fd po\u010das najtich\u0161\u00edch pas\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u2013 nameran\u00fdch 36 dB(A) v prvom rade sedadiel (6 metrov od okraja gramof\u00f3nu). Samotn\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod nameran\u00fd vo vzdialenosti 1 meter bol 31 dB(A) \u2013 \u010do je v r\u00e1mci \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie. Vibr\u00e1cie pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 cez oce\u013eov\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu gramof\u00f3nu v\u0161ak zosil\u0148ovali hluk pri sedadl\u00e1ch pre div\u00e1kov. Rie\u0161enie: t\u00edm javiskov\u00fdch in\u017einierov nain\u0161taloval elastom\u00e9rov\u00e9 \u200b\u200bizola\u010dn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky medzi kryt z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodu a oce\u013eov\u00fd r\u00e1m gramof\u00f3nu (cena: 650 USD v gumen\u00fdch \u00fachytk\u00e1ch a mont\u00e1\u017enej pr\u00e1ci), \u010d\u00edm sa zn\u00ed\u017eila dr\u00e1ha vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fdch kon\u0161trukciou. Hluk medzi div\u00e1kmi a sedadlami klesol na 29 dB(A) \u2013 po\u010das predstavenia nebol po\u010dute\u013en\u00fd. Ponau\u010denie: \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia hluku z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodu mus\u00ed zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 izol\u00e1ciu vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii \u2013 p\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd sp\u013a\u0148a limit 32 dB(A) na kryte, m\u00f4\u017ee prekro\u010di\u0165 limit na sedadl\u00e1ch pre div\u00e1kov, ak mont\u00e1\u017e pren\u00e1\u0161a vibr\u00e1cie do kon\u0161trukcie javiska. \u0160pecifikujte hluk v mieste pre div\u00e1kov, nie na kryte, a do \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie in\u0161tal\u00e1cie pohonu zahr\u0148te elastom\u00e9rov\u00fa izol\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pr\u00edpady \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed p\u00e1rov z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre trojstup\u0148ov\u00e9 stroje<\/h2>\n

\"z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpad 1 \u2013 K\u00f3rejsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 divadlo: 48-\u0161n\u00farov\u00fd syst\u00e9m lietania, lietanie \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facich SIL 3, 32 dB(A)<\/h3>\n

K\u00f3rejsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 divadlo \u0161pecifikovalo p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre 48-lanov\u00fd motorizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m lietania s mo\u017enos\u0165ou lietania pre \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facich. Maxim\u00e1lne zavesen\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie na lano: 500 kg (scen\u00e9ria) alebo 150 kg (umelca v postroji). \u00darove\u0148 SIL: SIL 3 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch 48 l\u00e1n (umelca lietaj\u00faceho pre \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facich je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 na akomko\u013evek lane). SF: 8 (umelca lietaj\u00faceho v akejko\u013evek v\u00fd\u0161ke). Menovit\u00e1 nosnos\u0165 p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov: 150 \u00d7 8 = ekvivalent 1 200 kg na lano. \u0160pecifik\u00e1cia p\u00e1ru: jedno\u0161tartov\u00fd, modul 3, rozostup 80 mm, pomer 40:1, menovit\u00fd v\u00fdstupn\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment 1 800 N\u00b7m. Samosvorn\u00e9: dvojit\u00e9 overenie \u2013 prim\u00e1rne samosvorn\u00e9 na p\u00e1re z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov plus nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 pru\u017einov\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e1 brzda na hriadeli motora. Hluk: 31 dB(A) vo vzdialenosti 1 m (lapovan\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod Ra 0,15 \u00b5m, koleso z POM, elastom\u00e9rov\u00e9 \u200b\u200bulo\u017eenie krytu). Motor: servopohon s v\u00fdkonom 7,5 kW s bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdm enkod\u00e9rom s hodnoten\u00edm SIL-3. Monitorovanie za\u0165a\u017eenia: sn\u00edma\u010d za\u0165a\u017eenia v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase na ka\u017edej linke flying line, n\u00fadzov\u00e9 zastavenie, ak za\u0165a\u017eenie prekro\u010d\u00ed 120 percent naprogramovanej hmotnosti. Ro\u010dn\u00e1 kontrola: z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00e1 sk\u00fa\u0161ka tre\u0165ou stranou pri 125 percent\u00e1ch, NDT (magnetick\u00e1 \u010das\u0165ov\u00e1 kontrola z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea), meranie v\u00f4le. N\u00e1klady na p\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies: 920 USD. Celkom za 48 liniek: 44 160 USD. Rozpo\u010det na v\u00fdstavbu divadla: pribli\u017ene 85 mili\u00f3nov USD \u2013 p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies syst\u00e9mu flying line predstavovali 0,05 percenta stavebn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov, pri\u010dom boli prim\u00e1rnym prvkom pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpad 2 \u2013 Japonsk\u00e9 divadlo Kabuki: 18 m oto\u010dn\u00e9 javisko, 0,5 ot.\/min., kritick\u00e9 vo\u010di vibr\u00e1ci\u00e1m<\/h3>\n

Japonsk\u00e9 divadlo Kabuki \u0161pecifikovalo p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre hlavn\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dav\u00e9 javisko (mawari butai) \u2013 to\u010d\u0148u s priemerom 18 metrov, ktor\u00e1 ot\u00e1\u010da kulisy a \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facich medzi sc\u00e9nami v tradi\u010dnej technike javiskov\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu Kabuki. Hmotnos\u0165 to\u010dne: pribli\u017ene 25 ton (vr\u00e1tane povrchu javiska, kul\u00eds a a\u017e 15 \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facich). R\u00fdchlos\u0165: 0,3 a\u017e 0,8 ot.\/min. (pomal\u00e1, dramatick\u00e1 rot\u00e1cia vidite\u013en\u00e1 pre div\u00e1kov). Kritickou po\u017eiadavkou nebol hluk (predstavenia Kabuki zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa perkusie a rozpr\u00e1vanie, ktor\u00e9 maskuj\u00fa zvuk strojov), ale vibr\u00e1cie: \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00faci v tradi\u010dn\u00fdch kost\u00fdmoch s vysok\u00fdmi paroch\u0148ami (\u0161t\u00fdl onnagata) s\u00fa mimoriadne citliv\u00ed na vibr\u00e1cie podlahy \u2013 u\u017e 0,02 mm\/s vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fdch cez podlahu javiska sp\u00f4sobuje vidite\u013en\u00fd pohyb parochne, ktor\u00fd nar\u00fa\u0161a umeleck\u00fa il\u00faziu. P\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov: 2-chodov\u00fd (samosvorn\u00e9 nie je potrebn\u00e9 \u2013 to\u010d\u0148a podopret\u00e1 axi\u00e1lnym lo\u017eiskom, \u017eiadne riziko gravit\u00e1cie), modul 6, stredov\u00e1 vzdialenos\u0165 160 mm, pomer 30:1. Lapovan\u00e1 z\u00e1vitovka Ra 0,15 \u00b5m pre minim\u00e1lny prenos vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed. Koleso: odstredivo liaty fosforov\u00fd bronz (POM nebol dostato\u010dn\u00fd pri v\u00fdstupnom kr\u00fatiacom momente 4 500 N\u00b7m). Elastom\u00e9rov\u00e9 \u200b\u200bspojenie medzi dvojicou a ozuben\u00fdm vencom to\u010dne. Vibr\u00e1cie na povrchu stol\u00edka: 0,008 mm\/s \u2013 pod prahovou hodnotou 0,02 mm\/s. Prehliada\u0165 tich\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd reduktor pre javiskov\u00e9 stroje<\/a> mo\u017enosti pre to\u010d\u0148u pre divadlo, syst\u00e9m lietania a orchestr\u00e1lne v\u00fd\u0165ahy.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpad 3 \u2013 Vietnamsk\u00e9 kongresov\u00e9 centrum: 12 z\u00e1clonov\u00fdch dr\u00e1h, SIL 1, n\u00e1kladovo vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9<\/h3>\n

Vietnamsk\u00e9 kongresov\u00e9 centrum \u0161pecifikovalo p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre 12 motorizovan\u00fdch z\u00e1vesn\u00fdch dr\u00e1h (javiskov\u00e9 z\u00e1vesy, deliace steny, premietacie pl\u00e1tna). Maxim\u00e1lna hmotnos\u0165 z\u00e1vesu na dr\u00e1hu: 80 kg. \u017diadne zavesen\u00e9 bremen\u00e1 nad osobami \u2013 z\u00e1vesy sa pohybuj\u00fa horizont\u00e1lne po nadzemn\u00fdch dr\u00e1hach (SIL 1). Hluk: pod 45 dB(A) (prostredie v kongresovom centre je 40 a\u017e 50 dB(A) \u2013 menej n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 ako v divadle). P\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov: jednochod\u00fd, modul 1,5, rozostup os\u00ed 30 mm, pomer 30:1, odstup br\u00fasenia Ra 0,4 \u00b5m (hlu\u010dnos\u0165 primeran\u00e1 pri 42 dB(A) s kolesom z POM \u2013 lapovanie nie je potrebn\u00e9 pri uvo\u013enenom cie\u013eovom 45 dB(A)). Koleso: POM. SF: 4 (iba kulisa, SIL 1). Motor: AC prevodov\u00fd motor s v\u00fdkonom 0,37 kW. Cena za p\u00e1r: 48 USD. Celkom za 12 dr\u00e1h: 576 USD. \u0160pecifik\u00e1cia ukazuje, \u017ee nie v\u0161etky javiskov\u00e9 a podujatiov\u00e9 stroje vy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu SIL 3 \/ SF 8 \/ sub-32-dB(A) n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho divadla \u2013 \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti a cie\u013eov\u00e1 hladina hluku musia zodpoveda\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00e9mu riziku a typu miesta konania. Nadmern\u00e1 \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia SIL 3 na dr\u00e1he opony, ktor\u00e1 nikdy nezaves\u00ed bremen\u00e1 nad osoby, predstavuje plytvanie viac ako 800 USD na jazdu bez ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9ho pr\u00ednosu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n
\n
\nOt\u00e1zka: Pre\u010do SF 8 pre v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 lietanie namiesto SF 1,5 a\u017e 3 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v priemyseln\u00fdch \u017eeriavoch?<\/summary>\n

Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 faktory priemyseln\u00fdch \u017eeriavov (SF 1,5 a\u017e 3 pod\u013ea noriem FEM\/ISO) predpokladaj\u00fa profesion\u00e1lnych oper\u00e1torov, kontrolovan\u00e9 zdv\u00edhacie postupy a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e9 z\u00f3ny. Lietanie divadeln\u00fdch hercov nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne z t\u00fdchto ochrann\u00fdch opatren\u00ed: herec je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie (nie profesion\u00e1lny rigger), zdv\u00edhanie prebieha po\u010das \u017eiv\u00e9ho predstavenia (nie je to kontrolovan\u00e9 zdv\u00edhanie) a \u013eudia (in\u00ed herci, javiskov\u00ed robotn\u00edci) s\u00fa priamo pod zavesen\u00fdm bremenom bez vyl\u00fa\u010denej z\u00f3ny. SF 8 kompenzuje extr\u00e9mne n\u00e1sledky (zranenie alebo smr\u0165 herca pred publikom) a nemo\u017enos\u0165 evaku\u00e1cie javiskov\u00e9ho priestoru po\u010das predstavenia. Okrem toho javiskov\u00e9 mechanizmy prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa umeleck\u00fdmi zmenami za\u0165a\u017eenia (herci sk\u00e1\u010du, hojdaj\u00fa sa alebo s\u00fa na povel sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00ed), ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa faktory zosilnenia dynamick\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia 2 a\u017e 3 \u2013 statick\u00e1 SF 8 u\u017e absorbuje ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 tohto dynamick\u00e9ho zosilnenia.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: \u010co znamen\u00e1 \u201edvojit\u00e9 samosvorn\u00e9 overenie\u201c pre mu\u0161k\u00e1rske syst\u00e9my SIL 3?<\/summary>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dva nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 mechanizmy musia by\u0165 schopn\u00e9 udr\u017ea\u0165 cel\u00e9 zavesen\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie, ak druh\u00fd zlyh\u00e1. Prim\u00e1rnym mechanizmom je samosvorn\u00fd p\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov (ktor\u00fd dr\u017e\u00ed za\u0165a\u017eenie prostredn\u00edctvom trenia v prevode). Sekund\u00e1rnym mechanizmom je zvy\u010dajne pru\u017einov\u00e1 brzda s uvo\u013enen\u00edm sily na hriadeli motora (ktor\u00e1 dr\u017e\u00ed za\u0165a\u017eenie prostredn\u00edctvom mechanick\u00e9ho trenia na brzdovom kot\u00fa\u010di). Oba mechanizmy p\u00f4sobia na rovnak\u00fd pohon, ale prostredn\u00edctvom r\u00f4znych fyzik\u00e1lnych princ\u00edpov \u2013 ak samosvorn\u00fd p\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov zlyh\u00e1 (kv\u00f4li neo\u010dak\u00e1vanej zmene maziva zni\u017euj\u00facej trenie), brzda zostane v prev\u00e1dzke. Ak brzda zlyh\u00e1 (kv\u00f4li \u00fanave pru\u017einy), samosvorn\u00fd mechanizmus zostane v prev\u00e1dzke. Pravdepodobnos\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho zlyhania oboch mechanizmov je s\u00fa\u010dinom ich individu\u00e1lnych pravdepodobnost\u00ed poruchy \u2013 dosiahnutie cie\u013ea SIL 3 menej ako 10\u207b\u2077 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch por\u00fach za hodinu.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: M\u00f4\u017ee sa dvojchodov\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r pou\u017ei\u0165 v akejko\u013evek aplik\u00e1cii s javiskov\u00fdmi strojmi?<\/summary>\n

Len pre stroje s horizont\u00e1lnym pohybom (to\u010dne, voz\u00edky na sc\u00e9nu, z\u00e1clonov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy), kde gravit\u00e1cia nem\u00f4\u017ee po zastaven\u00ed motora poh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e sp\u00e4tne. To\u010dne sa ot\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa v horizont\u00e1lnej rovine \u2013 ak sa motor zastav\u00ed, to\u010d\u0148a zostane nehybn\u00e1 bez oh\u013eadu na samosvor, preto\u017ee v smere ot\u00e1\u010dania nep\u00f4sob\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00e1 sila. \u0160pecifik\u00e1cia s 2 spusteniami poskytuje vy\u0161\u0161iu \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 (68 oproti 45 percent\u00e1m) a plynulej\u0161iu rot\u00e1ciu (menej zasek\u00e1vac\u00edch a preklzov\u00fdch udalost\u00ed pri n\u00edzkej r\u00fdchlosti) \u2013 obe s\u00fa cenn\u00e9 pre umeleck\u00fd pohyb to\u010dne. Pre ak\u00e9ko\u013evek stroje s vertik\u00e1lnym pohybom (lan\u00e1, v\u00fd\u0165ahy) alebo ak\u00fdko\u013evek syst\u00e9m zavesenia z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee (vr\u00e1tane horizont\u00e1lneho pohybu, kde sc\u00e9na vis\u00ed z pohybliv\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu) je samosvornos\u0165 s jedn\u00fdm spusten\u00edm povinn\u00e1 \u2013 bez v\u00fdnimky.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: Ako \u010dasto sa musia kontrolova\u0165 p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov syst\u00e9mu mu\u0161l\u00ed v divadle?<\/summary>\n

SIL 1 (iba kulisa): ro\u010dn\u00e1 vizu\u00e1lna kontrola plus meranie v\u00f4le technick\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu miesta konania. SIL 2 (kulisy nad \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facimi pod 3 m): ro\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00e1 sk\u00fa\u0161ka na 125 percent plus meranie v\u00f4le kvalifikovan\u00fdm in\u0161pektorom javiskov\u00e9ho strojov. SIL 3 (umelci lietaj\u00faci alebo kulisa nad 3 m nad \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facimi): ro\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00e1 sk\u00fa\u0161ka na 125 percent plus NDT (magnetick\u00e1 \u010dasticov\u00e1 alebo ultrazvukov\u00e1 kontrola z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea a zvarov krytu) plus meranie v\u00f4le \u2013 v\u0161etko akreditovan\u00fdm in\u0161pek\u010dn\u00fdm org\u00e1nom tretej strany. Okrem toho syst\u00e9my SIL 3 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa pred ka\u017ed\u00fdm predstaven\u00edm prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fa kontrolu, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148a t\u00e1go pre \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00facich \u2013 oper\u00e1tor lietania spust\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 lano \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00faceho napr\u00e1zdno (bez \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00faceho), aby overil funkciu motora, brzdy a samosvorn\u00e9ho mechanizmu pred pripojen\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00faceho.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: Ak\u00e1 je typick\u00e1 \u017eivotnos\u0165 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru v divadle?<\/summary>\n

Syst\u00e9my ozuben\u00fdch kolies v divadle zvy\u010dajne prev\u00e1dzkuj\u00fa 300 a\u017e 500 predstaven\u00ed ro\u010dne plus 200 a\u017e 400 hod\u00edn sk\u00fa\u0161ok \u2013 celkovo 500 a\u017e 1 500 prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch hod\u00edn ro\u010dne. Pri t\u00fdchto \u013eahk\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch prev\u00e1dzky a miernych kr\u00fatiacim momentoch vydr\u017e\u00ed bronzov\u00e9 alebo POM koleso mechanicky 10 a\u017e 20 rokov. Re\u017eim kontrol a certifik\u00e1cie v\u0161ak \u010dasto vedie k skor\u0161ej v\u00fdmene: ak ro\u010dn\u00e1 NDT zist\u00ed ak\u00fdko\u013evek n\u00e1znak na hriadeli z\u00e1vitovky (trhlina, kor\u00f3zna jama, zna\u010dka nam\u00e1hania), cel\u00fd p\u00e1r sa vymen\u00ed bez oh\u013eadu na zost\u00e1vaj\u00facu mechanick\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165. Niektor\u00e9 miesta proakt\u00edvne vymie\u0148aj\u00fa v\u0161etky p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch kolies syst\u00e9mu ozuben\u00fdch kolies ka\u017ed\u00fdch 15 rokov ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 rekon\u0161trukcie javiskov\u00e9ho strojn\u00e9ho zariadenia \u2013 \u010d\u00edm sa vynuluje z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnostnej certifik\u00e1cie. Oce\u013eov\u00fd z\u00e1vitovka vydr\u017e\u00ed viac ako 20 rokov, ak ju NDT pri ka\u017edej ro\u010dnej kontrole vy\u010dist\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevody pre javiskov\u00e9 mechanizmy sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa najextr\u00e9mnej\u0161iu kombin\u00e1ciu po\u017eiadaviek na bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a ticho v akomko\u013evek odvetv\u00ed \u2013 SIL 3 s SF 8 pre pohyb umelcov (najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fd faktor v tejto s\u00e9rii), pod 32 dB(A) pre pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 divadeln\u00e9 gramof\u00f3ny (najpr\u00edsnej\u0161ia \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia hluku v tejto s\u00e9rii) a plynulos\u0165 pohybu umeleckej kvality, ktor\u00fa \u017eiadna priemyseln\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia nevy\u017eaduje. Matica zhody s SIL mapuje typ a v\u00fd\u0161ku za\u0165a\u017eenia na spr\u00e1vnu \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fd faktor, po\u017eiadavku na redundanciu a protokol kontroly \u2013 \u010d\u00edm sa predch\u00e1dza nebezpe\u010dnej pod\u0161pecifik\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e1 ohrozuje bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 umelcov, a n\u00e1kladnej nad\u0161pecifik\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e1 uplat\u0148uje SIL 3 na aplik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa iba SIL 1. Pre divadeln\u00fdch architektov, dizajn\u00e9rov javiskov\u00fdch mechanizmov a technick\u00fdch riadite\u013eov miest konania je z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod mechanick\u00fdm srdcom ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u0165ahov\u00e9ho lana, gramof\u00f3nu a v\u00fd\u0165ahu \u2013 a jeho \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia ur\u010duje, \u010di je mechanizmus dostato\u010dne bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pre umelcov, dostato\u010dne tich\u00fd pre div\u00e1kov a dostato\u010dne plynul\u00fd pre umenie.<\/p>\n

Pre v\u00fdrobcov javiskov\u00fdch strojov a divadeln\u00e9 technick\u00e9 t\u00edmy na\u0161a technick\u00e1 linka klasifikuje \u00farove\u0148 SIL a odpor\u00fa\u010da \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie bezpe\u010dnosti, hluku a presnosti. \u0160tandardn\u00fd katal\u00f3g ultratich\u00e9 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevodovky<\/a> pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa ve\u013ekosti stol\u00edkov s rozostupom stredov od 30 do 160 mm s konfigur\u00e1ciami SIL 1 a\u017e SIL 3. Odo\u0161lite \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia pohonu javiskov\u00fdch strojov<\/a> s typom za\u0165a\u017eenia, v\u00fd\u0161kou, po\u017eiadavkou SIL, cie\u013eom hluku a typom miesta konania.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u0160pecifik\u00e1cia p\u00e1rov z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre javiskov\u00e9 alebo divadeln\u00e9 stroje?<\/h3>\n

Po\u0161lite typ z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee (scen\u00e9ria, \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00faci), v\u00fd\u0161ku nad p\u00f3diom, cie\u013e hluku, typ miesta konania a \u010di je potrebn\u00e9 lietanie \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00faceho. Zatriedime \u00farove\u0148 SIL a odporu\u010d\u00edme bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fd faktor, redundanciu, stupe\u0148 hluku a protokol kontroly.<\/p>\n

Vy\u017eiadajte si \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu pohonu javiskov\u00e9ho stroja \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Redaktor: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Korea Ever-Power \u00b7 Application Engineering Guide Worm and Worm Wheel for Stage Machinery and Theatre Fly Systems An actor flies 8 metres above a stage on a motorised fly bar, suspended by two steel cables passing through a worm gear pair drive. The audience sits in silence \u2014 800 people, ambient noise 28 dB(A). The […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2821],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-worm-and-worm-wheel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1429"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1432,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1429\/revisions\/1432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1429"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}