{"id":1400,"date":"2026-06-29T03:31:32","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T03:31:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/?p=1400"},"modified":"2026-06-29T03:31:32","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T03:31:32","slug":"worm-and-worm-wheel-for-antenna-positioner-and-satellite-dish-drives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/worm-and-worm-wheel-for-antenna-positioner-and-satellite-dish-drives\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160nek a z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 koleso pre polohova\u010de ant\u00e9n a pohony satelitn\u00fdch parabol"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Korea Ever-Power \u00b7 Sprievodca aplika\u010dn\u00fdm in\u017einierstvom<\/p>\n

\u0160nek a z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 koleso pre polohova\u010de ant\u00e9n a pohony satelitn\u00fdch parabol<\/h1>\n

Pozemsk\u00e1 stanica v p\u00e1sme Ka s 1,2-metrovou parabolou m\u00e1 \u0161\u00edrku l\u00fa\u010da 0,6 stup\u0148a. Dru\u017eica sa nach\u00e1dza 36 000 km \u010faleko na geostacion\u00e1rnej obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he. Ak m\u00e1 p\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies poh\u00e1\u0148aj\u00faci azimut\u00e1lnu os ant\u00e9ny v\u00f4\u013eu 4 obl\u00fakov\u00e9 min\u00faty, chyba nasmerovania spotrebuje 11 percent \u0161\u00edrky l\u00fa\u010da \u2013 \u010d\u00edm sa sign\u00e1l degraduje o 0,5 dB a potenci\u00e1lne sa spojenie dostane pod minim\u00e1lny prah nosnej frekvencie a \u0161umu. Pri frekvenci\u00e1ch v p\u00e1sme Ka je v\u00f4\u013ea p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies komunika\u010dn\u00fdm parametrom, nielen mechanickou \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciou.<\/p>\n

Porozpr\u00e1vajte sa s technikom ant\u00e9nneho pohonu \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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R\u00fdchla odpove\u010f<\/div>\n

Polohovacie zariadenia ant\u00e9n a syst\u00e9my sledovania satelitn\u00fdch parabol pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre pohony azimut\u00e1lnej (horizont\u00e1lnej) a elev\u00e1cie (vertik\u00e1lnej) osi, preto\u017ee samosvorn\u00e9 udr\u017eiava uhol nasmerovania ant\u00e9ny proti vetru bez pou\u017eitia motora, vysok\u00fd pomer poskytuje jemn\u00e9 uhlov\u00e9 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie z kompaktn\u00e9ho motora a 90-stup\u0148ov\u00e1 geometria sa hod\u00ed do kon\u0161trukcie podstavca. Tabu\u013eka rozpo\u010dtu presnosti nasmerovania mapuje frekven\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1smo (C, Ku, Ka) a priemer paraboly na \u0161\u00edrku l\u00fa\u010da, maxim\u00e1lnu povolen\u00fa chybu nasmerovania, a teda maxim\u00e1lnu v\u00f4\u013eu p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov \u2013 \u010do ukazuje, \u017ee syst\u00e9my v p\u00e1sme C toleruj\u00fa 6 a\u017e 10 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch min\u00fat v\u00f4le, zatia\u013e \u010do syst\u00e9my v p\u00e1sme Ka vy\u017eaduj\u00fa menej ako 2 obl\u00fakov\u00e9 min\u00faty. N\u00e1morn\u00e9 stabilizovan\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa nepretr\u017eit\u00fa sledovaciu povinnos\u0165 (korekcia na k\u00fdvanie, st\u00fapanie a st\u00e1\u010danie lode), ktor\u00e1 produkuje 5 a\u017e 15 mili\u00f3nov cyklov polohovania ro\u010dne \u2013 re\u017eim \u00fanavov\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia porovnate\u013en\u00fd s pohonmi st\u00e1\u010dania vetern\u00fdch turb\u00edn (\u010dl\u00e1nok A35) namiesto kv\u00e1zistatickej povinnosti pozemn\u00fdch ant\u00e9n s pevn\u00fdm bodom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pre\u010do pozicionery ant\u00e9n pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevody<\/h2>\n
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Polohova\u010d ant\u00e9ny ot\u00e1\u010da parabolu v azimute (0 a\u017e 360 stup\u0148ov horizont\u00e1lne) a elev\u00e1cii (0 a\u017e 90 stup\u0148ov vertik\u00e1lne), aby nasmeroval l\u00fa\u010d ant\u00e9ny na satelit alebo komunika\u010dn\u00fd cie\u013e. V pr\u00edpade geostacion\u00e1rnych satelitov sa ant\u00e9na nasmeruje raz a dr\u017e\u00ed \u2013 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod je presn\u00fd polohova\u010d a z\u00e1mok odoln\u00fd vo\u010di vetru. V pr\u00edpade satelitov LEO (n\u00edzka obe\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha Zeme) ant\u00e9na nepretr\u017eite sleduje satelit, ke\u010f prelet\u00ed oblohu za 5 a\u017e 15 min\u00fat \u2013 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod je presn\u00fd servopohon pracuj\u00faci s premenlivou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n

Oba re\u017eimy vy\u017eaduj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 tri vlastnosti p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov: presn\u00e9 uhlov\u00e9 polohovanie (na \u00farovni uhlovej sekundy pre vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1sma), samosvorn\u00e9 uzamknutie proti za\u0165a\u017eeniu vetrom na povrchu paraboly a kompaktn\u00fa integr\u00e1ciu podstavca.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"presn\u00e9<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Poloha v uhlovej sekunde<\/div>\n

Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r s prevodov\u00fdm pomerom 360:1 so servo enkod\u00e9rom poskytuje uhlov\u00e9 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie pod 1 uhlov\u00fa sekundu na jeden impulz enkod\u00e9ra \u2013 \u010do posta\u010duje na sledovanie v p\u00e1sme Ka pri 40 GHz, kde je \u0161\u00edrka l\u00fa\u010da 0,4 a\u017e 0,8 stup\u0148a. Vysok\u00fd pomer premie\u0148a rot\u00e1ciu motora na jemn\u00e9 uhlov\u00e9 pr\u00edrastky, ktor\u00fdm motory s priamym pohonom nem\u00f4\u017eu zodpoveda\u0165 za rovnak\u00fa cenu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Samosvorn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie vetrom<\/div>\n

3,7-metrov\u00e1 ant\u00e9na pri vetre s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 30 m\/s generuje \u0165ah pribli\u017ene 4 000 N \u2013 \u010do predstavuje kr\u00fatiaci moment 2 000 a\u017e 3 000 N\u00b7m na azimut\u00e1lnej osi. Samosvorn\u00fd mechanizmus dr\u017e\u00ed ant\u00e9nu proti tomuto za\u0165a\u017eeniu bez nap\u00e1jania z motora \u2013 \u010do je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre vzdialen\u00e9 lokality bez dozoru, kde m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nap\u00e1janie preru\u0161ovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Integr\u00e1cia podstavca<\/div>\n

90-stup\u0148ov\u00e9 usporiadanie z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodu umiest\u0148uje motor vo vn\u00fatri trubice podstavca, zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00fdstup poh\u00e1\u0148a azimut\u00e1lny alebo eleva\u010dn\u00fd prevod \u2013 \u010d\u00edm sa motor dr\u017e\u00ed mimo otvoru ant\u00e9ny (ktor\u00fd by blokoval RF sign\u00e1l). \u017diadny in\u00fd typ prevodu nedosahuje konverziu kolmej osi v r\u00e1mci ob\u00e1lky podstavca.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n


\n\"materi\u00e1ly<\/p>\n

Rozpo\u010det presnosti nastavovania \u2013 frekven\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1smo a ve\u013ekos\u0165 paraboly vzh\u013eadom na limit v\u00f4le p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/h2>\n

\u0160\u00edrka l\u00fa\u010da ant\u00e9ny ur\u010duje, ako presne mus\u00ed by\u0165 ant\u00e9na nasmerovan\u00e1 \u2013 a teda ak\u00fa v\u00f4\u013eu m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r. \u0160\u00edrka l\u00fa\u010da je nepriamo \u00famern\u00e1 frekvencii aj priemeru paraboly: vy\u0161\u0161ia frekvencia a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia parabola vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa u\u017e\u0161\u00ed l\u00fa\u010d, ktor\u00fd si vy\u017eaduje presnej\u0161ie nasmerovanie. Rozpo\u010det presnosti nasmerovania pride\u013euje zlomok (zvy\u010dajne 10 a\u017e 20 percent) \u0161\u00edrky l\u00fa\u010da v\u00f4li z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru \u2013 zvy\u0161n\u00fd rozpo\u010det sa vyhradzuje pre \u0161truktur\u00e1lne priehyby, tepeln\u00fa roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 a ohyb sp\u00f4soben\u00fd vetrom.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
P\u00e1smo \/ frekvencia<\/th>\nPriemer misky 1,2 m<\/th>\nPriemer misky 2,4 m<\/th>\nPriemer misky 3,7 m<\/th>\nMaxim\u00e1lna v\u00f4\u013ea p\u00e1ru \u010dervov<\/th>\nPo\u017eadovan\u00fd typ p\u00e1ru<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
C-p\u00e1smo (6 GHz)<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 2,9\u00b0<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 1,5\u00b0<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 1,0\u00b0<\/td>\n6 \u2013 10 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch min\u00fat<\/td>\n\u0160tandardn\u00e9 (nepredin\u0161talovan\u00e9)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ku-p\u00e1smo (14 GHz)<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 1,2\u00b0<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 0,6\u00b0<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 0,4\u00b0<\/td>\n2 \u2013 5 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch min\u00fat<\/td>\n\u00dazky \u0161tandard alebo duplex<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ka-p\u00e1smo (30 GHz)<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 0,6\u00b0<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 0,3\u00b0<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 0,2\u00b0<\/td>\n1 \u2013 2 obl\u00fakov\u00e9 min\u00faty<\/td>\nPovinn\u00e1 predin\u0161talovan\u00e1 obojstrann\u00e1 tla\u010d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sledovanie V-p\u00e1sma \/ LEO<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 0,3\u00b0<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 0,15\u00b0<\/td>\nL\u00fa\u010d 0,1\u00b0<\/td>\n< 1 uhlov\u00e1 min\u00fata (< 60 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand)<\/td>\nPredin\u0161talovan\u00e1 + sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba z enkod\u00e9ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Tabu\u013eka rozpo\u010dtu odha\u013euje 10-n\u00e1sobn\u00fd rozsah povolenej v\u00f4le od p\u00e1sma C (10 uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fat) po p\u00e1smo V\/LEO (pod 1 uhlov\u00fa min\u00fatu). Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd je dokonale posta\u010duj\u00faci pre termin\u00e1l VSAT v p\u00e1sme C, sa st\u00e1va \u00faplne nepou\u017eite\u013en\u00fdm pre pozemn\u00fa stanicu v p\u00e1sme Ka \u2013 ten ist\u00fd mechanick\u00fd komponent nesp\u013a\u0148a komunika\u010dn\u00fa \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu e\u0161te predt\u00fdm, ako sa v\u00f4bec zoh\u013eadn\u00ed kr\u00fatiaci moment alebo r\u00fdchlos\u0165. Preto sa obstar\u00e1vanie z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru ant\u00e9ny mus\u00ed za\u010da\u0165 \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciou RF (frekven\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1smo + ve\u013ekos\u0165 paraboly), nie mechanickou \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciou (kr\u00fatiaci moment + pomer).<\/p>\n

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N\u00e1morn\u00e1 stabilizovan\u00e1 ant\u00e9na \u2013 nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 sledovanie po\u010das pohybu lode<\/h2>\n

\"presn\u00fd<\/p>\n

Pozemn\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny nasmeruj\u00fa raz a dr\u017eia polohu \u2013 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r pracuje po\u010das po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9ho nastavenia nieko\u013eko min\u00fat a potom zostane mesiace alebo roky statick\u00fd. N\u00e1morn\u00e9 stabilizovan\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny s\u00fa opa\u010dn\u00e9: lo\u010f sa nepretr\u017eite nakl\u00e1\u0148a (plus alebo m\u00ednus 15 a\u017e 30 stup\u0148ov), st\u00fapa (plus alebo m\u00ednus 5 a\u017e 10 stup\u0148ov) a vybo\u010duje (plus alebo m\u00ednus 3 a\u017e 5 stup\u0148ov). Polohova\u010d ant\u00e9ny sa mus\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010da\u0165 proti sebe na oboch osiach, aby l\u00fa\u010d udr\u017eal nasmerovan\u00fd na satelit napriek pohybu lode \u2013 nepretr\u017eit\u00e1 servo slu\u010dka be\u017eiaca r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 10 a\u017e 50 korekci\u00ed za sekundu.<\/p>\n

Toto nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 sledovanie produkuje 5 a\u017e 15 mili\u00f3nov cyklov polohovania p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies ro\u010dne \u2013 re\u017eim \u00fanavov\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia, ktor\u00fd je 1 000-kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ako u pozemnej geostacion\u00e1rnej ant\u00e9ny a porovnate\u013en\u00fd s pohonmi sklonu vetern\u00fdch turb\u00edn, o ktor\u00fdch sa hovor\u00ed v \u010dl\u00e1nku A35. Materi\u00e1l p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies mus\u00ed odol\u00e1va\u0165 tejto \u00fanave: koles\u00e1 z odstredivo liateho fosforov\u00e9ho bronzu alebo hlin\u00edkov\u00e9ho bronzu (koles\u00e1 liate do piesku vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa \u00fanavov\u00e9 trhliny v miestach p\u00f3rovitosti v priebehu 2 a\u017e 3 rokov n\u00e1mornej prev\u00e1dzky). Z\u00e1vitovka mus\u00ed by\u0165 kalen\u00e1 na HRC 58+ a br\u00fasen\u00e1 na Ra 0,3 \u00b5m alebo lep\u0161iu \u2013 odvalovan\u00e9 z\u00e1vitovky sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa nadmern\u00fd rast v\u00f4le pri nepretr\u017eitom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm chodom.<\/p>\n

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Pozn\u00e1mka k in\u017einierskemu stolu<\/div>\n

K\u00f3rejsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobca n\u00e1morn\u00fdch VSAT nain\u0161taloval stabilizovan\u00e9 ant\u00e9nne syst\u00e9my pre Ku p\u00e1smo na 12 kontajnerov\u00fdch plavidiel. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 ant\u00e9na mala dva p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov (azimut a elev\u00e1cia). P\u00f4vodn\u00e1 \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia pou\u017e\u00edvala \u0161tandardn\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov \u2013 modul 1,5, vzdialenos\u0165 stredov 35 mm, pomer 90:1, koleso z pieskovej liatiny z fosforov\u00e9ho bronzu, v\u00f4\u013ea 5 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch min\u00fat. Rozpo\u010det na zameranie pre Ku p\u00e1smo pri ant\u00e9ne 1,0 m vy\u017eadoval maxim\u00e1lne 3 obl\u00fakov\u00e9 min\u00faty \u2013 u\u017e aj tak bola margin\u00e1lna pri po\u010diato\u010dnej v\u00f4li 5 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch min\u00fat. Po 18 mesiacoch nepretr\u017eit\u00e9ho n\u00e1morn\u00e9ho sledovania (pribli\u017ene 7,5 mili\u00f3na cyklov sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho chodu na os) sa u 5 z 24 p\u00e1rov eleva\u010dn\u00fdch os\u00ed vyvinula v\u00f4\u013ea nad 12 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch min\u00fat \u2013 koles\u00e1 z pieskovej liatiny z bronzu mali v miestach p\u00f3rovitosti odliatku podpovrchov\u00e9 \u00fanavov\u00e9 trhliny. Kvalita sign\u00e1lu sa na postihnut\u00fdch plavidl\u00e1ch zhor\u0161ila, \u010do sp\u00f4sobovalo ob\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky spojenia po\u010das siln\u00e9ho po\u010dasia (ke\u010f bola amplit\u00fada pohybu lode najvy\u0161\u0161ia a p\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pracoval najviac). V\u00fdmena v celej flotile za koles\u00e1 z odstredivo liateho hlin\u00edkov\u00e9ho bronzu (bez p\u00f3rovitosti, vynikaj\u00faca \u00fanavov\u00e1 \u017eivotnos\u0165) a predp\u00e4t\u00e1 duplexn\u00e1 \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia (v\u00f4\u013ea pod 2 obl\u00fakov\u00e9 min\u00faty). Cena za n\u00e1hradn\u00fd p\u00e1r: 280 USD oproti 120 USD za p\u00f4vodn\u00fd p\u00e1r \u2013 pr\u00edplatok 160 USD. Cena za reklam\u00e1cie kvality spojenia v r\u00e1mci celej flotily a n\u00e1v\u0161tevy n\u00fadzov\u00fdch technikov na 5 plavidl\u00e1ch na 3 kontinentoch: pribli\u017ene 45 000 USD. Ponau\u010denie: p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov n\u00e1morn\u00fdch ant\u00e9n musia by\u0165 \u0161pecifikovan\u00e9 pre \u00fanavu pri kontinu\u00e1lnom sp\u00e4tnom chode, nie pre statick\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie v priemyselnom prostred\u00ed. Pre ak\u00fako\u013evek ant\u00e9nu sleduj\u00facu satelit z pohyblivej platformy s\u00fa povinn\u00e9 odstredivo liate (nie do piesku liate) koles\u00e1 a predp\u00e4t\u00e1 \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia (nie so \u0161tandardnou v\u00f4\u013eou).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0160pecifik\u00e1cie p\u00e1rov z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov na nastavenie polohy ant\u00e9ny<\/h2>\n

\"presn\u00fd<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpad 1 \u2013 K\u00f3rejsk\u00e1 n\u00e1morn\u00e1 VSAT: Ku-p\u00e1smo, 1,0 m parabola, stabilizovan\u00e1, nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 sledovanie<\/h3>\n

K\u00f3rejsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobca n\u00e1morn\u00fdch VSAT \u0161pecifikoval p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies pre azimut\u00e1lnu a elev\u00e1ciu stabilizovanej ant\u00e9ny v Ku-p\u00e1sme (parabola 1,0 m, uplink\/downlink 14\/12 GHz). \u0160\u00edrka l\u00fa\u010da: 1,4 stup\u0148a. Maxim\u00e1lna chyba nasmerovania: 0,14 stup\u0148a (10 percent \u0161\u00edrky l\u00fa\u010da). Rozdelenie v\u00f4le p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies: 0,04 stup\u0148a = 2,4 uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fat. Opraven\u00e1 \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia (po incidente s flotilou): predp\u00e4t\u00fd duplex, modul 1,5, stredov\u00e1 vzdialenos\u0165 35 mm, pomer 90:1, br\u00fasen\u00fd Ra 0,3 \u00b5m. Koleso: odstredivo liaty hlin\u00edkov\u00fd bronz (s odolnos\u0165ou vo\u010di \u00fanave 20 mili\u00f3nov reverzn\u00fdch cyklov). Efekt\u00edvna v\u00f4\u013ea: 1,8 uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fat. Motor: 24 V DC servo s absol\u00fatnym enkod\u00e9rom s 65 536 \u010d\u00edslicami. Kr\u00fatiaci moment pri za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed vetrom (skladacia poloha, Beaufort 10): 450 N\u00b7m. Kryt: hlin\u00edk s epoxidov\u00fdm povlakom pre n\u00e1morn\u00fa triedu, IP66. Cena za p\u00e1r: 280 USD. Dve na ant\u00e9nu: 560 USD. Ro\u010dn\u00e1 produkcia: 800 ant\u00e9nnych syst\u00e9mov (1 600 p\u00e1rov z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov). Kvalita sign\u00e1lu po moderniz\u00e1cii: \u017eiadne v\u00fdpadky spojenia sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 chybou nasmerovania v celej flotile.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpad 2 \u2013 Sledovanie japonsk\u00e9ho satelitu LEO: p\u00e1smo Ka, parabola 3,7 m, subsekundov\u00e9 meranie, pozemn\u00e9<\/h3>\n

Japonsk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 zaoberaj\u00faca sa satelitnou komunik\u00e1ciou \u0161pecifikovala p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies pre 3,7-metrov\u00fa pozemn\u00fa stanicu v p\u00e1sme Ka, ktor\u00e1 sleduje satelity LEO pre slu\u017ebu \u0161irokop\u00e1smovej internetovej br\u00e1ny. \u0160\u00edrka l\u00fa\u010da: 0,2 stup\u0148a. Maxim\u00e1lna chyba nasmerovania: 0,02 stup\u0148a = 72 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. Alok\u00e1cia v\u00f4le p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies: 15 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand (20 percent z celkov\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu nasmerovania). To bolo pod dosiahnute\u013en\u00fdm limitom predin\u0161talovan\u00e9ho duplexu (typicky 1 a\u017e 2 uhlov\u00e9 min\u00faty = 60 a\u017e 120 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand) \u2013 vy\u017eadovalo si to dodato\u010dn\u00fa korek\u010dn\u00fa slu\u010dku sp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zby kod\u00e9ra, ktor\u00e1 merala skuto\u010dn\u00fa polohu ant\u00e9ny pomocou presn\u00e9ho optick\u00e9ho kod\u00e9ra namontovan\u00e9ho priamo na osi ant\u00e9ny (\u010d\u00edm sa obi\u0161la v\u00f4\u013ea p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies v riadiacej slu\u010dke). P\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies: predin\u0161talovan\u00fd duplex, modul 2, stredov\u00e1 vzdialenos\u0165 50 mm, pomer 360:1, lapovanie Ra 0,2 \u00b5m, trieda DIN 3. Efekt\u00edvna mechanick\u00e1 v\u00f4\u013ea: 45 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand \u2013 ale sp\u00e4tnov\u00e4zobn\u00e1 slu\u010dka kod\u00e9ra zn\u00ed\u017eila efekt\u00edvnu chybu nasmerovania pod 10 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand kompenz\u00e1ciou v\u00f4le v softv\u00e9ri. Koleso: odstredivo liaty c\u00ednov\u00fd bronz s pr\u00eddavkom niklu. Cena za p\u00e1r: 850 USD. Dve na ant\u00e9nu: 1 700 USD. Prehliada\u0165 presn\u00e9 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 reduktory pre ant\u00e9ny<\/a> mo\u017enosti pre satelitn\u00e9 sledovanie a aplik\u00e1cie pozemn\u00fdch stan\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpad 3 \u2013 Vietnamsk\u00fd vysielac\u00ed uplink: p\u00e1smo C, 4,5 m parabola, pevn\u00e1 geostacion\u00e1rna s\u00fastava, n\u00e1kladovo optimalizovan\u00e1<\/h3>\n

Vietnamsk\u00fd telev\u00edzny vysielate\u013e \u0161pecifikoval p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre azimut\u00e1lne a eleva\u010dn\u00e9 pohony 4,5-metrovej uplinkovej ant\u00e9ny v p\u00e1sme C smeruj\u00facej na geostacion\u00e1rny satelit. \u0160\u00edrka l\u00fa\u010da: 0,8 stup\u0148a. Maxim\u00e1lna chyba nasmerovania: 0,08 stup\u0148a = 4,8 uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fat. \u0160tedr\u00fd rozpo\u010det na p\u00e1smo C umo\u017e\u0148oval \u0161tandardn\u00fd (nepredp\u00e4t\u00fd) p\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov s v\u00f4\u013eou 6 uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fat \u2013 \u010do je v r\u00e1mci pridelenia 4,8 uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fat s rezervou. Ant\u00e9na bola nasmerovan\u00e1 raz pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii a prestavovan\u00e1 iba po\u010das ro\u010dnej \u00fadr\u017eby \u2013 v podstate nulov\u00e9 prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 cykly za rok (najvy\u0161\u0161ia aplik\u00e1cia s n\u00edzkym za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm). P\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov: jednochod\u00fd, modul 3, stredov\u00e1 vzdialenos\u0165 80 mm, pomer 72:1, br\u00fasen\u00fd Ra 0,4 \u00b5m. \u0160tandardn\u00e9 koleso z fosforov\u00e9ho bronzu (bez po\u017eiadavky na \u00fanavu \u2013 nulov\u00e9 cyklovanie). Kr\u00fatiaci moment pri za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed vetrom na 4,5 m ant\u00e9ne: 3 200 N\u00b7m (n\u00e1vrhov\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 vetra 35 m\/s). Kryt: \u017eiarovo pozinkovan\u00fd, IP55. Cena za p\u00e1r: 145 USD. Dve ant\u00e9ny: 290 USD. \u0160pecifik\u00e1cia ukazuje, \u017ee ant\u00e9ny s pevn\u00fdm bodom v p\u00e1sme C patria medzi najmenej n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov v akomko\u013evek odvetv\u00ed \u2013 ni\u017e\u0161ia presnos\u0165, ni\u017e\u0161ia z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e a ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1klady ako indexovac\u00ed pohon baliaceho stroja (\u010dl\u00e1nok A16).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n
\n
\nOt\u00e1zka: Ako vypo\u010d\u00edtam rozpo\u010det na v\u00f4\u013eu z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodu pre moju ant\u00e9nu?<\/summary>\n

Za\u010dnite so \u0161\u00edrkou l\u00fa\u010da 3 dB: BW = 70 \u00d7 \u03bb \/ D (stup\u0148ov), kde \u03bb je vlnov\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka (m) a D je priemer paraboly (m). Maxim\u00e1lna povolen\u00e1 celkov\u00e1 chyba nasmerovania je typicky 10 a\u017e 20 percent \u0161\u00edrky l\u00fa\u010da (v z\u00e1vislosti od rezervy rozpo\u010dtu spoja). 20 a\u017e 30 percent celkov\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu nasmerovania pride\u013ete na v\u00f4\u013eu p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov (70 a\u017e 80 percent rezervujte na \u0161truktur\u00e1lne vych\u00fdlenie, tepeln\u00fa roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 a ohyb vetrom). Pr\u00edklad: p\u00e1smo Ka pri 30 GHz (\u03bb = 0,01 m), D = 2,4 m: BW = 70 \u00d7 0,01 \/ 2,4 = 0,29 stup\u0148a. Celkov\u00fd rozpo\u010det chyby pri 15 percent\u00e1ch: 0,044 stup\u0148a = 2,6 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch min\u00fat. Alok\u00e1cia p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pri 25 percent\u00e1ch: 0,65 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch min\u00fat = 39 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. To si vy\u017eaduje predin\u0161talovan\u00fd duplexn\u00fd p\u00e1r \u2013 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry nem\u00f4\u017eu dosiahnu\u0165 menej ako 1 obl\u00fakov\u00fa min\u00fatu.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: Pre\u010do sa pri sledovan\u00ed n\u00e1morn\u00fdch ant\u00e9n opotreb\u00favaj\u00fa p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako pri sledovan\u00ed na pevnine?<\/summary>\n

Pozemn\u00e1 geostacion\u00e1rna ant\u00e9na uprav\u00ed polohu raz (po\u010das in\u0161tal\u00e1cie) a udr\u017e\u00ed ju \u2013 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 koleso m\u00f4\u017ee vykona\u0165 menej ako 100 cyklov nastavenia polohy ro\u010dne. N\u00e1morn\u00e1 stabilizovan\u00e1 ant\u00e9na priebe\u017ene koriguje k\u00fdvanie, st\u00fapanie a st\u00e1\u010danie lode \u2013 vykon\u00e1va 10 a\u017e 50 korekci\u00ed za sekundu, 24 hod\u00edn denne, \u010d\u00edm vytv\u00e1ra 5 a\u017e 15 mili\u00f3nov cyklov sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho chodu ro\u010dne. Toto neust\u00e1le sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie sp\u00f4sobuje kontaktn\u00fa \u00fanavu na bokoch zubov kolesa, na ktor\u00fa nie s\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 koles\u00e1 ur\u010den\u00e9. Bronzov\u00e9 koles\u00e1 odlievan\u00e9 do piesku (ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa mikropor\u00e9znos\u0165 z procesu odlievania) vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa v t\u00fdchto miestach p\u00f3rovitosti podpovrchov\u00e9 \u00fanavov\u00e9 trhliny v priebehu 2 a\u017e 3 rokov. Odstredivo liate alebo kovan\u00e9 koles\u00e1 (bez p\u00f3rovitosti) vydr\u017eia 8 a\u017e 12 rokov pri rovnakej n\u00e1mornej sledovacej slu\u017ebe.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: Dok\u00e1\u017ee sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba enkod\u00e9ra kompenzova\u0165 v\u00f4\u013eu z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru pri sledovan\u00ed ant\u00e9ny?<\/summary>\n

\u00c1no \u2013 namontovan\u00edm presn\u00e9ho enkod\u00e9ra priamo na os ant\u00e9ny (za p\u00e1rom z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov) namiesto na hriade\u013e motora (pred p\u00e1rom). Enkod\u00e9r namontovan\u00fd na osi meria skuto\u010dn\u00fd uhol ant\u00e9ny vr\u00e1tane v\u00f4le a servo regul\u00e1tor to kompenzuje nastaven\u00edm polohy motora. T\u00e1to technika m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 efekt\u00edvnu chybu nato\u010denia na 10 a\u017e 20 percent mechanickej v\u00f4le \u2013 \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u00e1ru s 3 obl\u00fakov\u00fdmi min\u00fatami mechanickej v\u00f4le dosiahnu\u0165 efekt\u00edvne nato\u010denie v sub-obl\u00fakov\u00fdch min\u00fatach. Nev\u00fdhoda: enkod\u00e9ry namontovan\u00e9 na osi stoja 800 a\u017e 3 000 USD (oproti 50 a\u017e 200 USD pre enkod\u00e9ry na hriadeli motora) a vy\u017eaduj\u00fa presn\u00fa mont\u00e1\u017e, ktor\u00e1 zvy\u0161uje zlo\u017eitos\u0165 mont\u00e1\u017ee. Tento pr\u00edstup je \u0161tandardn\u00fd pre sledovacie syst\u00e9my v p\u00e1sme Ka a LEO, kde po\u017eiadavka na nato\u010denie prevy\u0161uje mechanick\u00fa v\u00f4\u013eu dosiahnute\u013en\u00fa ak\u00fdmko\u013evek p\u00e1rom z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: Ak\u00fa ochranu proti kor\u00f3zii potrebuj\u00fa p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov vonkaj\u0161ej ant\u00e9ny?<\/summary>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pozemn\u00fdch ant\u00e9n pracuje v \u0161tandardnom vonkaj\u0161om prostred\u00ed (ISO 12944 C2 a\u017e C3), kde \u017eiarovo pozinkovan\u00e9 puzdro a \u0161tandardn\u00e9 tesnenia zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa viac ako 15 rokov prev\u00e1dzky. N\u00e1morn\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny pracuj\u00fa v podmienkach C5-M (rovnak\u00e1 n\u00e1morn\u00e1 klasifik\u00e1cia ako pohony navijakov v \u010dl\u00e1nku A29), \u010do vy\u017eaduje puzdro z nehrdzavej\u00facej ocele 316L alebo puzdro s n\u00e1morn\u00fdm povlakom s tesneniami FKM. Pobre\u017en\u00e9 pozemn\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny do 1 km od mora m\u00f4\u017eu zaznamena\u0165 podmienky C4, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa puzdro s epoxidov\u00fdm povlakom a tesnenia EPDM. \u0160pecifik\u00e1cia kor\u00f3zie je nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 od \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie presnosti nasmerovania \u2013 ant\u00e9na v p\u00e1sme C s uvo\u013enenou v\u00f4\u013eou st\u00e1le potrebuje ochranu proti kor\u00f3zii C5-M, ak je namontovan\u00e1 na lodi.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: Ak\u00e1 je typick\u00e1 \u017eivotnos\u0165 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru polohova\u010da ant\u00e9ny?<\/summary>\n

Pozemn\u00e1 geostacion\u00e1rna dr\u00e1ha: 15 a\u017e 25 rokov (v podstate nulov\u00e9 cyklovanie \u2013 kor\u00f3zia a degrad\u00e1cia tesnen\u00ed s\u00fa faktormi obmedzuj\u00facimi \u017eivotnos\u0165). Pozemn\u00e1 LEO dr\u00e1ha: 8 a\u017e 15 rokov (mierne cyklovanie pri 500 a\u017e 2 000 dr\u00e1hach za de\u0148). N\u00e1morn\u00e1 stabilizovan\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha: 5 a\u017e 10 rokov (nepretr\u017eit\u00e1 vysokocyklov\u00e1 \u00fanava \u2013 odstredivo liate koles\u00e1 vydr\u017eia 8 a\u017e 12 rokov). Samotn\u00e1 z\u00e1vitovka vydr\u017e\u00ed vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch rovnak\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 ako ant\u00e9na (kalen\u00e1 oce\u013e, br\u00fasen\u00e1 povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava, n\u00edzke kontaktn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie). Koleso je spotrebn\u00fd prvok \u2013 v\u00fdmenu pl\u00e1nujte v rovnakom intervale ako renov\u00e1ciu elektroniky nap\u00e1jania ant\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 polohova\u010dov ant\u00e9ny preklenuj\u00fa priepas\u0165 medzi stroj\u00e1rstvom a r\u00e1diofrekven\u010dnou komunik\u00e1ciou \u2013 v\u00f4\u013ea v ozubenom kolese priamo ur\u010duje presnos\u0165 nasmerovania ant\u00e9ny, ktor\u00e1 ur\u010duje kvalitu sign\u00e1lu na satelitnom spojen\u00ed. Tabu\u013eka rozpo\u010dtu presnosti nasmerovania mapuje frekven\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1smo a priemer paraboly na maxim\u00e1lnu povolen\u00fa v\u00f4\u013eu \u2013 \u010do ukazuje, \u017ee sledovanie v p\u00e1sme Ka a LEO vy\u017eaduje predp\u00e4t\u00e9 duplexn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry s v\u00f4\u013eou v rozsahu sub-uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fat, zatia\u013e \u010do syst\u00e9my s pevn\u00fdm bodom v p\u00e1sme C toleruj\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 p\u00e1ry s v\u00f4\u013eou 6 a\u017e 10 uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fat. N\u00e1morn\u00e9 stabilizovan\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u00fanavu z kontinu\u00e1lneho reverzovania pri 5 a\u017e 15 mili\u00f3noch cyklov ro\u010dne \u2013 \u010do vy\u017eaduje odstredivo liate koles\u00e1 a predp\u00e4t\u00fa \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry liate do pieskovej formy nem\u00f4\u017eu vydr\u017ea\u0165. Pre v\u00fdrobcov ant\u00e9n za\u010d\u00edna \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa rozpo\u010dtom r\u00e1diofrekven\u010dn\u00e9ho spoja, nie v\u00fdpo\u010dtom mechanick\u00e9ho kr\u00fatiaceho momentu.<\/p>\n

Pre v\u00fdrobcov ant\u00e9n a spolo\u010dnosti satelitnej komunik\u00e1cie na\u0161e technick\u00e9 oddelenie vypo\u010d\u00edtava rozpo\u010det na smerovanie z va\u0161ej RF \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie a odpor\u00fa\u010da triedu v\u00f4le z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru. \u0160tandardn\u00fd katal\u00f3g presn\u00e9 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevody<\/a> pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa ve\u013ekosti polohova\u010dov ant\u00e9n od stredovej vzdialenosti 25 do 100 mm so \u0161tandardn\u00fdmi a predin\u0161talovan\u00fdmi duplexn\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami. Odo\u0161lite \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia ant\u00e9nneho pohonu<\/a> s frekven\u010dn\u00fdm p\u00e1smom, priemerom paraboly, typom sledovania (pevn\u00e9\/LEO\/n\u00e1morn\u00e9) a n\u00e1vrhovou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou vetra.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u0160pecifik\u00e1cia p\u00e1rov z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre polohova\u010de ant\u00e9n?<\/h3>\n

Vysielajte frekven\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1smo, priemer paraboly, typ sledovania (geostacion\u00e1rne, LEO, n\u00e1morn\u00e9), projektovan\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 vetra a \u010di je ant\u00e9na pozemn\u00e1 alebo namontovan\u00e1 na plavidle. Vypo\u010d\u00edtame rozpo\u010det na nasmerovanie a odporu\u010d\u00edme triedu v\u00f4le, met\u00f3du predp\u00e4tia a \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu kor\u00f3zie.<\/p>\n

Vy\u017eiadajte si \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu ant\u00e9nneho pohonu \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Redaktor: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Korea Ever-Power \u00b7 Application Engineering Guide Worm and Worm Wheel for Antenna Positioner and Satellite Dish Drives A Ka-band earth station with a 1.2-metre dish has a beam width of 0.6 degrees. The satellite sits 36,000 km away in geostationary orbit. If the worm gear pair driving the antenna azimuth axis has 4 arcminutes of […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2821],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-worm-and-worm-wheel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1400"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1402,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1400\/revisions\/1402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1400"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}