{"id":1357,"date":"2026-06-26T06:10:18","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T06:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/?p=1357"},"modified":"2026-06-26T06:11:32","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T06:11:32","slug":"worm-and-worm-wheel-for-cnc-rotary-table-indexing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/worm-and-worm-wheel-for-cnc-rotary-table-indexing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160nek a z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 koleso pre CNC indexovanie oto\u010dn\u00e9ho stola"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Korea Ever-Power \u00b7 Sprievodca aplika\u010dn\u00fdm in\u017einierstvom<\/p>\n

\u0160nek a z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 koleso pre CNC indexovanie oto\u010dn\u00e9ho stola<\/h1>\n

5-osov\u00e9 CNC obr\u00e1bacie centrum re\u017ee lopatku turb\u00edny pri ot\u00e1\u010dkach vretena 12 000 ot.\/min. Oto\u010dn\u00fd st\u00f4l na 4. osi polohuje polotovar lopatky s presnos\u0165ou na 10 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand \u2013 0,003 stup\u0148a \u2013 a dr\u017e\u00ed ho pri reznej sile 800 N, zatia\u013e \u010do chladiaca kvapalina zaplavuje pracovn\u00fa z\u00f3nu r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 20 litrov za min\u00fatu. Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r vo vn\u00fatri oto\u010dn\u00e9ho stola sl\u00fa\u017ei s\u00fa\u010dasne ako presn\u00fd uhlov\u00fd polohova\u010d, up\u00ednac\u00ed prvok a mechanick\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010diastka odoln\u00e1 vo\u010di chladiacej kvapaline. Ide o najn\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161iu aplik\u00e1ciu z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodu v akomko\u013evek odvetv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Porozpr\u00e1vajte sa s technikom pohonu obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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R\u00fdchla odpove\u010f<\/div>\n

CNC oto\u010dn\u00e9 stoly (4. a 5. os) pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies na presn\u00e9 uhlov\u00e9 polohovanie, plynul\u00e9 kop\u00edrovanie tvaru po\u010das simult\u00e1nneho viacosov\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bania a samosvorn\u00e9 upnutie obrobku proti rezn\u00fdm sil\u00e1m. Tabu\u013eka v\u00f4le a chyby polohy kvantifikuje, ako sa v\u00f4\u013ea p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies premieta do chyby obr\u00e1bania v bode rezu obrobku: e = R \u00d7 B \/ 3 438, kde R je polomer obrobku v mm a B je v\u00f4\u013ea v uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fatach. Pre obrobok s polomerom 200 mm sp\u00f4sob\u00ed 1 uhlov\u00e1 min\u00fata v\u00f4le chybu polohy 58 \u00b5m \u2013 \u010do presahuje typick\u00fa toleranciu CNC plus alebo m\u00ednus 25 \u00b5m. Preto p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies s oto\u010dn\u00fdmi stolmi CNC univerz\u00e1lne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa predp\u00e4t\u00e9 mechanizmy proti v\u00f4li (pru\u017einovo predp\u00e4t\u00e9 delen\u00e9 koleso alebo duplex s nastaven\u00edm podlo\u017eiek) na zn\u00ed\u017eenie efekt\u00edvnej v\u00f4le pod 10 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. Pomer 360:1 je \u0161tandard CNC \u2013 jeden stupe\u0148 na ot\u00e1\u010dku z\u00e1vitovky \u2013 \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje priame od\u010d\u00edtanie uhla zo servo k\u00f3dova\u010da bez dodato\u010dn\u00e9ho elektronick\u00e9ho prevodu. Pre CNC oto\u010dn\u00e9 stoly v\u00fdrobnej triedy je \u0161pecifikovan\u00e1 trieda presnosti 3 a\u017e 5 pod\u013ea normy DIN 3974.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pre\u010do CNC oto\u010dn\u00e9 stoly pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevody<\/h2>\n

\"Princ\u00edp<\/p>\n

CNC oto\u010dn\u00fd st\u00f4l vykon\u00e1va tri funkcie s\u00fa\u010dasne: polohuje obrobok v presnom uhle, pevne dr\u017e\u00ed obrobok po\u010das rezania a plynule sa ot\u00e1\u010da po\u010das kont\u00farovac\u00edch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed (obr\u00e1banie ozuben\u00fdch kolies, fr\u00e9zovanie va\u010dkou, obr\u00e1banie lopatiek). Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r zabezpe\u010duje v\u0161etky tri funkcie v jednom mechanickom stupni \u2013 \u017eiadny in\u00fd typ prevodu sa tejto kombin\u00e1cii nevyrovn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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Presn\u00e9 uhlov\u00e9 polohovanie<\/div>\n

Prevodov\u00fd pomer 360:1 premie\u0148a jednu cel\u00fa ot\u00e1\u010dku z\u00e1vitovky na presne jeden stupe\u0148 oto\u010denia stola. Servomotor s 10 000-n\u00e1sobn\u00fdm enkod\u00e9rom poskytuje 10 000 \u00d7 360 = 3 600 000 n\u00e1sobkov na ot\u00e1\u010dku stola \u2013 uhlov\u00e9 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie 0,36 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand na n\u00e1sobok. Mechanick\u00e1 presnos\u0165 plus alebo m\u00ednus 10 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand je dosiahnute\u013en\u00e1 s p\u00e1rmi z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov triedy 3 pod\u013ea DIN.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Samosvorn\u00fd up\u00edna\u010d obrobkov<\/div>\n

Po\u010das fr\u00e9zovania sa rezn\u00e1 sila sna\u017e\u00ed oto\u010di\u0165 obrobok smerom od indexovanej polohy. Samosvorn\u00fd mechanizmus odol\u00e1va tejto sile bez samostatn\u00e9ho hydraulick\u00e9ho up\u00ednania \u2013 rezn\u00e1 sila na polomere obrobku vytv\u00e1ra sp\u00e4tn\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment, ktor\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod absorbuje svojou nevratnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kontinu\u00e1lne kont\u00farovanie<\/div>\n

Pri simult\u00e1nnom obr\u00e1ban\u00ed na 4. osi sa st\u00f4l ot\u00e1\u010da kontinu\u00e1lne, zatia\u013e \u010do vreteno sa pohybuje v osi X\/Y\/Z \u2013 v\u0161etky osi s\u00fa synchronizovan\u00e9 s CNC riadiacou jednotkou. Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod mus\u00ed zabezpe\u010dova\u0165 plynul\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010danie bez v\u00f4le pri variabiln\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dkach od 0,1 do 30 ot.\/min. bez chyby prevodu, ktor\u00e1 by mohla sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 chyby povrchu obrobku.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Tabu\u013eka ch\u00fdb v\u00f4le vo\u010di polohe \u2013 od uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fat po mikr\u00f3ny v bode rezu<\/h2>\n

Vz\u0165ah medzi v\u00f4\u013eou z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa a chybou obr\u00e1bania je \u010disto geometrick\u00fd: uhlov\u00e1 v\u00f4\u013ea v strede stola vytv\u00e1ra line\u00e1rnu chybu polohy na polomere obrobku, ktor\u00e1 sa \u00famerne zvy\u0161uje so vzdialenos\u0165ou od stredu ot\u00e1\u010dania. Vzorec je e = R \u00d7 B \/ 3,438, kde e je chyba polohy v mm, R je polomer obrobku (vzdialenos\u0165 od stredu stola k bodu rezu) v mm a B je v\u00f4\u013ea v uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fatach.<\/p>\n

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V\u00f4\u013ea B<\/th>\nR = 50 mm<\/th>\nR = 100 mm<\/th>\nR = 200 mm<\/th>\nR = 300 mm<\/th>\nvs. tolerancia \u00b125 \u00b5m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
0,15\u2032 (10 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand, prednastaven\u00e9)<\/td>\n2 \u00b5m<\/td>\n4 \u00b5m<\/td>\n9 \u00b5m<\/td>\n13 \u00b5m<\/td>\nPou\u017e\u00edva 8-52%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0,5\u2032 (30 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand, tesne)<\/td>\n7 \u00b5m<\/td>\n15 \u00b5m<\/td>\n29 \u00b5m \u26a0<\/td>\n44 \u00b5m \u26a0<\/td>\nPou\u017e\u00edva 28-176%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1\u2032 (\u0161tandardn\u00fd priemyseln\u00fd)<\/td>\n15 \u00b5m<\/td>\n29 \u00b5m \u26a0<\/td>\n58 \u00b5m \u26a0\u26a0<\/td>\n87 \u00b5m \u26a0\u26a0<\/td>\nPou\u017e\u00edva 60-348%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1,5 m (v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9)<\/td>\n73 \u00b5m<\/td>\n145 \u00b5m<\/td>\n291 \u00b5m<\/td>\n436 \u00b5m<\/td>\n292-1,744%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Tabu\u013eka uv\u00e1dza argumenty pre predp\u00e4t\u00e9 p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies s ochranou proti v\u00f4li v jednom rade: pri R = 200 mm so \u0161tandardnou v\u00f4\u013eou 1 uhlovej min\u00faty je chyba polohy 58 \u00b5m \u2013 viac ako dvojn\u00e1sobok typickej tolerancie CNC obr\u00e1bania plus alebo m\u00ednus 25 \u00b5m. Dokonca aj 0,5 uhlovej min\u00faty (30 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand) vytv\u00e1ra 29 \u00b5m pri polomere 200 mm \u2013 st\u00e1le nad limitom. Iba predp\u00e4t\u00e1 konfigur\u00e1cia pri 10 uhlov\u00fdch sekund\u00e1ch (0,15 uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fat) pohodlne zost\u00e1va v r\u00e1mci tolerancie 9 \u00b5m. Be\u017en\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies pri 5 uhlov\u00fdch min\u00fatach s\u00fa \u00faplne nepou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 na CNC indexovanie \u2013 chyba pri akomko\u013evek praktickom polomere obrobku presahuje toleranciu r\u00e1dovo.<\/p>\n

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Met\u00f3dy predp\u00e4tia proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu r\u00e1zu \u2013 ako CNC oto\u010dn\u00e9 stoly dosahuj\u00fa sp\u00e4tn\u00fd r\u00e1z pod 10 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand<\/h2>\n
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\u0160tandardn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies nedok\u00e1\u017eu dosiahnu\u0165 v\u00f4\u013eu pod 10 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand potrebn\u00fa pre CNC indexovanie len v\u010faka v\u00fdrobnej tolerancii \u2013 najmen\u0161ia dosiahnute\u013en\u00e1 v\u00f4\u013ea v konven\u010dnom jednodielnom kolese je pribli\u017ene 15 a\u017e 30 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand pri triede DIN 3. Na dosiahnutie 5 a\u017e 10 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand mus\u00ed by\u0165 p\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies mechanicky predp\u00e4t\u00fd tak, aby boky zubov udr\u017eiavali kontakt na oboch stran\u00e1ch s\u00fa\u010dasne, \u010d\u00edm sa eliminuje z\u00f3na vo\u013enej v\u00f4le, ktor\u00e1 predstavuje v\u00f4\u013eu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"presn\u00fd<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Pru\u017einov\u00e9 delen\u00e9 koleso<\/div>\n

Koleso je rozdelen\u00e9 na dve polovice, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00e1 zaber\u00e1 so z\u00e1vitovkou z opa\u010dn\u00fdch str\u00e1n. Pru\u017eina medzi polovicami ich od seba tla\u010d\u00ed a udr\u017eiava kontakt na oboch stran\u00e1ch s\u00fa\u010dasne. Efekt\u00edvna v\u00f4\u013ea: 3 a\u017e 8 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. V\u00fdhoda: samonastavovacie \u2013 pru\u017eina kompenzuje tepeln\u00fa roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 a men\u0161ie opotrebenie. Nev\u00fdhoda: obmedzen\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment (pru\u017eina mus\u00ed by\u0165 prekonan\u00e1 predt\u00fdm, ako zuby prenes\u00fa pln\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie). Najlep\u0161ie pre: \u013eahk\u00e9 deliace stoly (4. os na vertik\u00e1lnych obr\u00e1bac\u00edch centr\u00e1ch, deliace hlavy).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Dvojit\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd syst\u00e9m s nastaven\u00edm podlo\u017eky<\/div>\n

Dva z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 z\u00e1vity s\u00fa obr\u00e1ban\u00e9 na tom istom hriadeli s miernym axi\u00e1lnym posunut\u00edm. Podlo\u017eky medzi telesami z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk nastavuj\u00fa predp\u00e4tie riaden\u00edm axi\u00e1lnej polohy z\u00e1vitovky vzh\u013eadom na koleso. Efekt\u00edvna v\u00f4\u013ea: 5 a\u017e 15 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. V\u00fdhoda: pln\u00e1 kr\u00fatiaca kapacita (predp\u00e4tie je mechanick\u00e9, nie je obmedzen\u00e9 pru\u017einou). Nev\u00fdhoda: vy\u017eaduje sa op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 podlo\u017eenie pri opotrebovan\u00ed kolesa (ka\u017ed\u00e9 2 a\u017e 4 roky). Najlep\u0161ie pre: \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 5-osov\u00e9 stoly, odva\u013eovacie fr\u00e9zy na ozubenie a horizont\u00e1lne vyvrt\u00e1va\u010dky s oto\u010dn\u00fdm stolom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"presn\u00fd<\/p>\n

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Pozn\u00e1mka k in\u017einierskemu stolu<\/div>\n

K\u00f3rejsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobca CNC obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov zak\u00fapil n\u00e1hradn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies pre 15 nakl\u00e1pac\u00edch oto\u010dn\u00fdch stolov (kombin\u00e1cia 4. a 5. osi) in\u0161talovan\u00fdch na horizont\u00e1lnych obr\u00e1bac\u00edch centr\u00e1ch. P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry boli predp\u00e4t\u00e9 s delen\u00fdm kolesom a efekt\u00edvnou v\u00f4\u013eou 6 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand, trieda DIN 4. N\u00e1hradn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry od in\u00e9ho dod\u00e1vate\u013ea boli \u0161pecifikovan\u00e9 ako \u201etrieda DIN 4, bez v\u00f4le\u201c \u2013 ale boli to duplexn\u00e9 s nastaven\u00edm podlo\u017ekami, a nie delen\u00e9 s pru\u017einou. Po in\u0161tal\u00e1cii merala v\u00f4\u013ea 12 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand \u2013 v r\u00e1mci tolerancie triedy DIN 4, ale dvojn\u00e1sobok p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch 6 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. Pri typickom polomere obrobku 150 mm sa chyba polohovania zv\u00fd\u0161ila zo 4 \u00b5m na 9 \u00b5m \u2013 st\u00e1le v r\u00e1mci tolerancie CNC plus alebo m\u00ednus 25 \u00b5m pre v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie, ale nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 pre konkr\u00e9tneho z\u00e1kazn\u00edka z leteck\u00e9ho priemyslu, ktor\u00fd vy\u017eaduje plus alebo m\u00ednus 10 \u00b5m na dr\u00e1\u017ekach kore\u0148ov lopatiek turb\u00edny. V\u00fdrobca obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov musel znovu podlo\u017ei\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch 15 stolov, aby dosiahol 8 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand \u2013 2 hodiny kvalifikovanej pr\u00e1ce na st\u00f4l pri cene 85 USD za hodinu, \u010do predstavuje spolu 2 550 USD nepl\u00e1novanej pr\u00e1ce. Ponau\u010denie: \u201eochrana pred v\u00f4\u013eou\u201c nie je jedna \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia \u2013 met\u00f3da predp\u00e4tia (delen\u00e9 koleso verzus dvojit\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd syst\u00e9m), efekt\u00edvna hodnota v\u00f4le (v uhlov\u00fdch sekund\u00e1ch, nielen \u201eochrana pred v\u00f4\u013eou\u201c) a trieda presnosti DIN musia by\u0165 explicitne \u0161pecifikovan\u00e9. Dva p\u00e1ry ochran proti v\u00f4li pod\u013ea triedy 4 DIN od r\u00f4znych dod\u00e1vate\u013eov m\u00f4\u017eu poskytova\u0165 r\u00f4zne hodnoty v\u00f4le, preto\u017ee \u201etrieda 4\u201c definuje toleranciu geometrie zubov, nie \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 predp\u00e4tia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tri pr\u00edpady \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie p\u00e1rov z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov s oto\u010dn\u00fdm stolom CNC<\/h2>\n

\"Kalen\u00e1<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpad 1 \u2013 K\u00f3rejsk\u00fd oto\u010dn\u00fd st\u00f4l so 4. osou: \u00d8250 mm, delen\u00e9 koleso, automobilov\u00e9 diely<\/h3>\n

K\u00f3rejsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobca CNC obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov \u0161pecifikoval p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre oto\u010dn\u00fd st\u00f4l s priemerom 250 mm pre 4. os, ur\u010den\u00fd na obr\u00e1banie automobilov\u00fdch komponentov (hlin\u00edk a oce\u013e, polomer obrobku do 125 mm). Po\u017eadovan\u00e1 presnos\u0165 polohovania: plus alebo m\u00ednus 15 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. Opakovate\u013enos\u0165: plus alebo m\u00ednus 5 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. P\u00e1r z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov: jednochod\u00fd, modul 1,5, priemer kolesa 180 mm, prevodov\u00fd pomer 360:1, trieda presnosti DIN 4. Predp\u00e4tie: pru\u017einov\u00e9 delen\u00e9 koleso. Efekt\u00edvna v\u00f4\u013ea: 6 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. Chyba polohovania pri R = 125 mm: 125 \u00d7 0,1 \/ 3 438 = 3,6 \u00b5m \u2013 v r\u00e1mci tolerancie obr\u00e1bania plus alebo m\u00ednus 25 \u00b5m. Z\u00e1vitovka: kalen\u00e1 a br\u00fasen\u00e1 oce\u013e 20CrMnTi, Ra 0,2 \u00b5m, HRC 58 a\u017e 62. Koleso: odstredivo liaty fosforov\u00fd bronz CuSn12Ni. Mazanie: Vretenov\u00fd olej ISO VG 68 (zdie\u013ean\u00fd s lo\u017eiskami stola), cirkuluj\u00faci centr\u00e1lnym mazac\u00edm syst\u00e9mom stroja. Motor: 1,5 kW AC servopohon s absol\u00fatnym enkod\u00e9rom s 131 072 \u010d\u00edslicami. N\u00e1klady na zostavu p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov: 680 USD. Ro\u010dn\u00e1 produkcia: 400 stolov (16 000 s\u00faprav p\u00e1rov z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov ro\u010dne v celej produktovej rade).<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpad 2 \u2013 Japonsk\u00fd 5-osov\u00fd nakl\u00e1pac\u00ed st\u00f4l: \u00d8400 mm, duplexn\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, leteck\u00e1 tolerancia<\/h3>\n

Japonsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobca 5-osov\u00fdch obr\u00e1bac\u00edch centier \u0161pecifikoval p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre os A (nakl\u00e1panie) aj os C (rot\u00e1cia) 400 mm nakl\u00e1pacieho rota\u010dn\u00e9ho stola ur\u010den\u00e9ho na obr\u00e1banie tit\u00e1nov\u00fdch a inconelov\u00fdch komponentov v leteckom priemysle. Presnos\u0165 polohy: plus alebo m\u00ednus 8 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. Aplik\u00e1cia v leteckom priemysle vy\u017eadovala rezn\u00e9 sily a\u017e do 2 500 N pri polomere obrobku 180 mm \u2013 \u010do vytv\u00e1ralo sp\u00e4tn\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment 450 N\u00b7m na stole. Pru\u017einov\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia s delen\u00fdm kolesom nedok\u00e1zala tento kr\u00fatiaci moment zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 (predp\u00e4tie pru\u017einy obmedzen\u00e9 na pribli\u017ene 150 N\u00b7m). \u0160pecifik\u00e1cia: duplexn\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod s nastaven\u00edm podlo\u017eky. Modul 2, priemer kolesa 280 mm, prevodov\u00fd pomer 360:1, trieda DIN 3. Efekt\u00edvna v\u00f4\u013ea po podlo\u017eke: 5 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. Chyba polohy pri R = 180 mm: 180 \u00d7 0,083 \/ 3 438 = 4,4 \u00b5m \u2013 v r\u00e1mci tolerancie plus alebo m\u00ednus 10 \u00b5m pre leteck\u00fd priemysel s 56-percentnou rezervou. Z\u00e1vitovka: cementovan\u00e1 18CrNiMo7-6, br\u00fasen\u00e1 Ra 0,15 \u00b5m, HRC 60 a\u017e 63. Koleso: odstredivo liaty c\u00ednov\u00fd bronz s pr\u00eddavkom niklu (zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u00fanavov\u00e1 \u017eivotnos\u0165 pre \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 rezanie v leteckom priemysle). Ochrana chladiacej kvapaliny: labyrintov\u00e9 tesnenie plus preplachovanie vzduchom na vstupe do hriade\u013ea z\u00e1vitovky, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo vniknutiu chladiacej kvapaliny. Cena za zostavu p\u00e1ru z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies (os A alebo C): 2 400 USD. Prehliada\u0165 presn\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd reduk\u010dn\u00fd prevod<\/a>\u00a0mo\u017enosti pre aplik\u00e1cie s oto\u010dn\u00fdm stolom CNC a obr\u00e1bac\u00edmi strojmi.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpad 3 \u2013 Vietnamsk\u00e1 manu\u00e1lna deliaca hlava: 40:1, bez predp\u00e4tia, vzdel\u00e1vacia a pracovn\u00e1 diel\u0148a<\/h3>\n

Vietnamsk\u00fd distrib\u00fator obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov \u0161pecifikoval p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre manu\u00e1lne deliace hlavy pred\u00e1van\u00e9 odborn\u00fdm \u0161kol\u00e1m a mal\u00fdm diel\u0148am. Deliaca hlava sa montuje na st\u00f4l fr\u00e9zky a indexuje obrobok v pevn\u00fdch uhlov\u00fdch krokoch na rezanie zubov ozuben\u00fdch kolies, \u0161es\u0165uholn\u00edkov\u00fdch ploch\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch a rovnako rozmiestnen\u00fdch otvorov. Prevodov\u00fd pomer: 40:1 (9 stup\u0148ov na ot\u00e1\u010dku z\u00e1vitovky \u2013 \u0161tandardn\u00fd deliaci pomer, ktor\u00fd vytv\u00e1ra be\u017en\u00e9 delenia: 40 ot\u00e1\u010dok pre pln\u00e9 oto\u010denie, 20 ot\u00e1\u010dok pre 180 stup\u0148ov, 10 ot\u00e1\u010dok pre 90 stup\u0148ov). Bez predp\u00e4tia (\u0161tandardn\u00e9 jednodielne koleso s v\u00f4\u013eou 2 a\u017e 3 obl\u00fakov\u00e9 min\u00faty). Chyba polohovania pri R = 50 mm: 50 \u00d7 2,5 \/ 3 438 = 36 \u00b5m. Toto bolo prijate\u013en\u00e9 pre typick\u00fa toleranciu plus alebo m\u00ednus 0,1 mm (100 \u00b5m) pri ru\u010dnom obr\u00e1ban\u00ed v dielni \u2013 smer pr\u00edstupu ru\u010dn\u00e9ho kolesa obsluhy (v\u017edy pr\u00edstup z rovnak\u00e9ho smeru) \u00fa\u010dinne eliminuje v\u00f4\u013eu z polohovania. Z\u00e1vitovka: uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 oce\u013e, odva\u013eovan\u00e1 Ra 0,8 \u00b5m, kalen\u00e1 HRC 55. Koleso: liaty fosforov\u00fd bronz do piesku. Cena za p\u00e1r: 32 USD. Pr\u00edpadov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia demon\u0161truje, \u017ee nie ka\u017ed\u00e9 indexovanie obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov vy\u017eaduje ochranu pred sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm r\u00e1zom \u2013 manu\u00e1lna prev\u00e1dzka s konzistentn\u00fdm smerom n\u00e1behu eliminuje efekt sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu, ktor\u00fd sa objavuje iba pri obojsmernom polohovan\u00ed CNC.<\/p>\n

\"workshop<\/p>\n

\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n
\n
\nOt\u00e1zka: Pre\u010do je 360:1 \u0161tandardn\u00fdm pomerom pre CNC oto\u010dn\u00e9 stoly?<\/summary>\n

Pri pomere 360:1 oto\u010d\u00ed jedna cel\u00e1 ot\u00e1\u010dka z\u00e1vitovky st\u00f4l presne o jeden stupe\u0148, \u010do zjednodu\u0161uje od\u010d\u00edtanie uhla zo servo enkod\u00e9ra: po\u010det enkod\u00e9rov na stupe\u0148 sa rovn\u00e1 rozl\u00ed\u0161eniu enkod\u00e9ra na ot\u00e1\u010dku. Elektronick\u00fd prevodov\u00fd pomer CNC riadiacej jednotky je 1:1, \u010d\u00edm sa eliminuj\u00fa chyby zaokr\u00fah\u013eovania v polohovacej slu\u010dke. Niektor\u00e9 \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pomer 90:1 (pre vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 kontinu\u00e1lne kont\u00farovanie) alebo 720:1 (pre ultrajemn\u00e9 uhlov\u00e9 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie), ale 360:1 je \u0161tandardom pre univerz\u00e1lne indexovacie stoly, preto\u017ee poskytuje najlep\u0161iu rovnov\u00e1hu medzi uhlov\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm, v\u00fdstupnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a mechanickou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: Ako ovplyv\u0148uje teplo pri obr\u00e1ban\u00ed presnos\u0165 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa?<\/summary>\n

Obr\u00e1banie generuje teplo, ktor\u00e9 pr\u00fadi z obrobku a vretena do tela stola, \u010d\u00edm sa po\u010das dlh\u0161\u00edch cyklov rezania zvy\u0161uje teplota stola o 5 a\u017e 20 stup\u0148ov Celzia. Tento tepeln\u00fd n\u00e1rast zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uje priemer kot\u00fa\u010da a pos\u00fava stredov\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165 \u2013 \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje v\u00f4\u013ea pribli\u017ene o 2 a\u017e 5 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand na ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 stup\u0148ov Celzia. Pri predp\u00e4t\u00fdch p\u00e1roch m\u00f4\u017ee tepeln\u00e1 roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 predp\u00e4tie stiahnu\u0165 (zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 za\u0165a\u017eenie motora) alebo ho uvo\u013eni\u0165 (zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00f4\u013eu) v z\u00e1vislosti od toho, \u010di sa viac roz\u0165ahuje kot\u00fa\u010d alebo puzdro. Pru\u017einovo predp\u00e4t\u00e9 delen\u00e9 kot\u00fa\u010de sa samokompenzuj\u00fa pre tepeln\u00fd n\u00e1rast; duplexn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry s nastaven\u00edm podlo\u017eiek nie \u2013 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa si tepeln\u00fa stabiliz\u00e1ciu (cyklus zahrievania pred presn\u00fdm obr\u00e1ban\u00edm) alebo akt\u00edvnu tepeln\u00fa kompenz\u00e1ciu v CNC riadiacej jednotke. Pre leteck\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie s po\u017eiadavkami plus alebo m\u00ednus 8 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand je \u0161tandardnou praxou 30-min\u00fatov\u00fd cyklus zahrievania pred rezan\u00edm prv\u00e9ho obrobku.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: Ako sa zabr\u00e1ni vniknutiu chladiacej kvapaliny do telesa z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodu?<\/summary>\n

CNC obr\u00e1banie vyu\u017e\u00edva vysokotlakov\u00e9 chladivo (10 a\u017e 70 barov), ktor\u00e9 zaplavuje pracovn\u00fa z\u00f3nu a strieka na rota\u010dn\u00fd st\u00f4l. Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r chr\u00e1nia tri strat\u00e9gie tesnenia: labyrintov\u00e9 tesnenie na rozhran\u00ed medzi telesom stola a puzdrom (bezkontaktn\u00e9, \u017eiadne opotrebovanie); pozit\u00edvne preplachovanie vzduchom (stla\u010den\u00fd vzduch s tlakom 0,1 a\u017e 0,3 baru neust\u00e1le f\u00faka smerom von cez labyrint, \u010d\u00edm sa zabra\u0148uje vniknutiu chladiva); a odtokov\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 odv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa chladivo, ktor\u00e9 prech\u00e1dza labyrintom, od puzdra prevodovky sk\u00f4r, ako dosiahne olejov\u00e9 tesnenie. Pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 CNC stoly vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u0161etky tri strat\u00e9gie. Ak chladivo prenikne do olejov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, emulguje olej vretena a sp\u00f4sobuje zr\u00fdchlen\u00e9 opotrebovanie kontaktn\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch z\u00e1vitovky a kolesa \u2013 merate\u013en\u00e9 ako zv\u00fd\u0161enie v\u00f4le o 5 a\u017e 10 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand v priebehu 6 mesiacov. Pravideln\u00e1 anal\u00fdza oleja (obsah vody pod 0,05 percenta) monitoruje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 tesnenia.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: Ak\u00e1 je typick\u00e1 \u017eivotnos\u0165 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru oto\u010dn\u00e9ho stola CNC?<\/summary>\n

CNC oto\u010dn\u00e9 stoly vo v\u00fdrobnom prostred\u00ed zvy\u010dajne be\u017eia 2 000 a\u017e 4 000 hod\u00edn ro\u010dne s preru\u0161ovan\u00fdm indexovan\u00edm. \u017divotnos\u0165 bronzov\u00e9ho kolesa je 5 a\u017e 10 rokov pre v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie (oce\u013e a hlin\u00edk) a 3 a\u017e 6 rokov pre \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie (tit\u00e1n, Inconel \u2013 vy\u0161\u0161ie rezn\u00e9 sily sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie kontaktn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie na zuboch z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho kolesa). Oce\u013eov\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd koleso vydr\u017e\u00ed 10 a\u017e 20 rokov. Limituj\u00facim faktorom \u017eivotnosti je rast v\u00f4le nad prijate\u013en\u00fa toleranciu obr\u00e1bania \u2013 monitorovan\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00fdm overen\u00edm presnosti pomocou laserov\u00e9ho interferometra alebo presn\u00e9ho polyg\u00f3nu. V\u00fdmenu kolesa napl\u00e1nujte, ke\u010f v\u00f4\u013ea prekro\u010d\u00ed dvojn\u00e1sobok p\u00f4vodnej prednastavenej hodnoty (napr. vyme\u0148te ho, ke\u010f p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 6-sekundov\u00e1 hodnota narastie na 12 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nOt\u00e1zka: M\u00f4\u017ee momentov\u00fd motor s priamym pohonom nahradi\u0165 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevod v oto\u010dn\u00fdch stoloch CNC?<\/summary>\n

Momentov\u00e9 motory s priamym pohonom (DDT) sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa vo vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fdch 5-osov\u00fdch stoloch, kde je potrebn\u00e1 kontinu\u00e1lna r\u00fdchlos\u0165 obr\u00e1bania nad 50 ot.\/min. DDT \u00faplne eliminuje probl\u00e9m s v\u00f4\u013eou, preto\u017ee neexistuje \u017eiadny ozuben\u00fd prevod. DDT v\u0161ak nem\u00e1 samosvor \u2013 na dr\u017eanie stola po\u010das rezania je potrebn\u00e1 samostatn\u00e1 hydraulick\u00e1 svorka, \u010do zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1klady a zlo\u017eitos\u0165. DDT m\u00e1 tie\u017e ni\u017e\u0161iu hustotu kr\u00fatiaceho momentu ako z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r pri n\u00edzkych ot\u00e1\u010dkach \u2013 400 mm st\u00f4l DDT stoj\u00ed 3 a\u017e 5-kr\u00e1t viac ako ekvivalentn\u00fd z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd st\u00f4l. Pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu produk\u010dn\u00e9ho CNC obr\u00e1bania (indexovanie plus stredne r\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie pod 30 ot.\/min.) zost\u00e1va z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r n\u00e1kladovo efekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed ako DDT. DDT sa uprednost\u0148uje iba pre vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 kontinu\u00e1lne 5-osov\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie zlo\u017eit\u00fdch vo\u013en\u00fdch tvarov\u00fdch povrchov, kde r\u00fdchlos\u0165 obr\u00e1bania presahuje praktick\u00fd limit z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevody s oto\u010dn\u00fdm stolom CNC v tejto 30-\u010dl\u00e1nkovej s\u00e9rii pracuj\u00fa s najvy\u0161\u0161ou \u00farov\u0148ou presnosti zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed \u2013 v\u00f4\u013ea pod 10 obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sek\u00fand, trieda presnosti DIN 3 a\u017e 5 a chyby polohy meran\u00e9 v jednotk\u00e1ch mikr\u00f3nov v bode rezu obrobku. Tabu\u013eka pomeru v\u00f4le k chybe polohy (e = R \u00d7 B \/ 3 438) kvantifikuje, pre\u010do \u0161tandardn\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevody nem\u00f4\u017eu sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 na CNC indexovanie: pri typickom polomere obrobku dokonca aj 1 obl\u00fakov\u00e1 min\u00fata v\u00f4le prekra\u010duje tolerancie CNC obr\u00e1bania faktorom 2 a\u017e 3. Predp\u00e4t\u00e9 mechanizmy proti v\u00f4li (pru\u017einovo predp\u00e4t\u00e9 delen\u00e9 koleso pre \u013eahk\u00e9 prevedenie, duplex s nastaven\u00edm podlo\u017eiek pre \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 prevedenie) s\u00fa povinn\u00e9 pre v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 CNC stoly. Pomer 360:1 je \u0161tandardom, preto\u017ee poskytuje celo\u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 uhlov\u00e9 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie zo servo sn\u00edma\u010da. Pre v\u00fdrobcov obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov, ktor\u00ed \u0161pecifikuj\u00fa z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevody s oto\u010dn\u00fdm stolom, s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi parametrami v\u00f4\u013ea (v obl\u00fakov\u00fdch sekund\u00e1ch, nie obl\u00fakov\u00fdch min\u00fatach), trieda presnosti DIN, met\u00f3da predp\u00e4tia a strat\u00e9gia tesnenia chladiacej kvapaliny.<\/p>\n

Pre v\u00fdrobcov CNC obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov a v\u00fdrobcov oto\u010dn\u00fdch stolov poskytuje na\u0161e in\u017einierske oddelenie presn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov triedy DIN 3 a\u017e 6 s prednastaven\u00fdmi konfigur\u00e1ciami proti v\u00f4li. \u0160tandardn\u00fd katal\u00f3g presn\u00e9 z\u00e1vitovkov\u00e9 prevody<\/a> Zah\u0155\u0148a prevodov\u00e9 pomery 360:1 a 40:1 od priemeru kot\u00fa\u010da 80 do 280 mm s mo\u017enos\u0165ou delen\u00e9ho kot\u00fa\u010da a duplexu. Predlo\u017ete \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu pohonu CNC stola s priemerom stola, presnos\u0165ou polohy (uhlov\u00e9 sekundy), maxim\u00e1lnym polomerom obrobku, reznou silou a typom chladiacej kvapaliny.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u0160pecifik\u00e1cia p\u00e1rov z\u00e1vitovkov\u00fdch prevodov pre CNC oto\u010dn\u00e9 stoly?<\/h3>\n

Po\u0161lite priemer stola, po\u017eadovan\u00fa presnos\u0165 (uhlov\u00e9 sekundy), maxim\u00e1lny polomer obrobku a rezn\u00fa silu, typ chladiacej kvapaliny a \u010di potrebujete predp\u00e4tie s delen\u00fdm kot\u00fa\u010dom alebo dvojit\u00e9 predp\u00e4tie. Vypo\u010d\u00edtame chybu polohy na polomere v\u00e1\u0161ho obrobku a odporu\u010d\u00edme triedu DIN a \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu predp\u00e4tia.<\/p>\n

Vy\u017eiadajte si \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu pohonu CNC stola \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Redaktor: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Korea Ever-Power \u00b7 Application Engineering Guide Worm and Worm Wheel for CNC Rotary Table Indexing A 5-axis CNC machining centre cuts a turbine blade at 12,000 RPM spindle speed. The 4th-axis rotary table positions the blade blank to within 10 arcseconds \u2014 0.003 degrees \u2014 and holds it against 800 N of cutting force while […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2821],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-worm-and-worm-wheel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1357"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1361,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1357\/revisions\/1361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worm-and-worm-wheel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1357"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}